Regulation Of Nitrogen Application On Yield And Quality Of Super High Yield Wheat Varieties

The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of Shandong Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2018 to 2019.Four representative wheat varieties,yannong999,yannong1440,yannong1212 and Jimai 22,were selected to study the effects of nitrogen application on wheat quality and noodle quality,as well as their growth and yield,and from the physiological and biochemical basis and deep flour quality The mechanism is discussed.The main test results are as follows:1.Effect of Nitrogen Application on yield of super high yield wheatUnder the condition of this experiment,the effect of Nitrogen Application on Wheat Yield and noodle quality was not significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in yield and noodle quality among different varieties.Four varieties of wheat were suitable for noodle making,but the highest comprehensive sensory evaluation score of noodle made by Yannong 999 was 90,which reached the excellent evaluation level.The other three varieties only reached the good evaluation level between 80 and 89.The main reason is that the color score of noodles made by Yannong 999 is 19 points,and the viscoelasticity score of noodles is 27 points,all of which are the highest among the four varieties.The noodles are bright in color,white in color,chewy and elastic in taste,superior to other varieties.2.Effect of Nitrogen Application on Yield FormationAlthough the effect of nitrogen regulation on the actual yield is not significant,from the perspective of yield components,nitrogen has a significant regulatory effect on the population quality and 1000 grain weight of wheat.It can be found that the effect of Nitrogen Application on the number of ears at maturity is not significant,but it can significantly improve the ear rate;for yannong999 and yannong1440,the ear rate of wheat reaches the maximum value of 63%and 69%respectively when the ratio is 7:3 under the nitrogen application of 225 kg/hm~2,and it has no significant effect on yannong1212.For Jimai 22,the ear rate of wheat reaches the maximum value of 63%and 69%under the nitrogen application of 225 kg/hm~2 The maximum value was 67%when the fertilizer was only applied as base.From the perspective of 1000 grain weight,the four wheat varieties all had higher 1000 grain weight at the middle and higher nitrogen application,especially increasing the use of basal fertilizer.3.Effect of Nitrogen Application on flour processing qualityThis experiment is mainly based on SB/T10137-93 standard on the flour quality of noodle making.It mainly studies the water content,ash content,wet gluten content,stable time,falling value and other indexes of flour by nitrogen application.The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the moisture content,ash content and falling value of wheat flour;from the aspect of wet gluten content,except for Yannong 1212,the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the wet gluten content of wheat significantly,but the gluten strength decreased with it,and the effect of ratio 6:2:2was the best under the overall medium nitrogen application.The effect of flour stabilization time was better after the amount of nitrogen topdressing was increased.The highest time of nitrogen application was 31.6min,6.68min,7.93min and 5.44min, respectively.In the overall evaluation of processing quality,Yannong 999 was used in 225 kg/hm~2of nitrogen application according to the ratio(7:3),each index reached the best evaluation of refined grade standard;Yannong 1440 and Jimai 22 showed stable processing quality,and each standard reached the refined grade evaluation after nitrogen application;Yannong1212 was only used in 225 kg/hm2 of(base used)and 337.5 kg/hm2(dressing ratio 7:3 and 6:2:2),and each index reached the best evaluation of refined grade standard OK.4.Physiological effects of nitrogen regulationFrom the point of view of photosynthesis of flag leaf at flowering stage,the dynamic changes of net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of four wheat varieties are the same,which is manifested as:photosynthesis is active from flowering to 14 days after anthesis,and the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf decreases sharply after 28 days after anthesis.Among them,the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of Yannong 999 was significantly affected by nitrogen fertilizer.When applying higher basal nitrogen fertilizer or topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at heading stage,the net photosynthetic rate of flag leaf of wheat could be improved and the effect of improvement was similar,which was 37.2%higher on average than that of the group without nitrogen fertilizer,and the effect on the other three varieties was not significant.Comparing the SPAD value of flag leaf,we can find that the difference of chlorophyll between different nitrogen treatment groups is significant but not significant compared with the blank control group,so nitrogen has no practical effect on regulating chlorophyllThe results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the dry matter accumulation of wheat.When the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of Yannong 999was 225 kg/hm2 only used as base fertilizer and 337.5 kg/hm2 and 112.5 kg/hm2(ratio 7:3),the effect of improvement was the most obvious and consistent,with an average increase of 2.47g compared with the blank control group;the best application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of Yannong 1440 and Yannong 1212 was the same as that of Jimai 22,and that was 112.5 kg/hm2(only used as base fertilizer),the dry matter weight increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application.The grain protein content can be increased under the appropriate nitrogen application mode.Although there are differences in specific varieties,the grain protein content of yannong999,1440,1212 and Jimai 22 can be significantly increased when they are topdressing at heading stage,and the best performance can be achieved at 337.5 kg/hm2and 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen application,and the increase of nitrogen application at later stage can effectively improve the grain egg of wheat White matter content.It can be seen from the above studies that the direct effect of nitrogen treatment on Wheat Yield and quality is not significant in this experiment,but through analysis,it can be found that nitrogen treatment still has a good potential to increase yield and improve quality for super high yield varieties(lines);the increase of nitrogen application in the later period of wheat growth in this experiment reflects a certain promotion ability,but it is still necessary to further explore the application amount of nitrogen topdressing in order to fully fill it We should give full play to the potential of varieties and strive for the goal of high yield and high quality.