Effect Of Fertilization On Soil Nutrients And Corn Growth Under Intercropping

At present,half of the increase in crop production comes from fertilization in the world.If no chemical fertilizer is applied,the world’s crop production will be reduced by 40-50 %.Excessive fertilization will not only cause a lot of waste of fertilizer resources,increase production costs,reduce the quality of agricultural products,but also cause the environmental pollution.However,the lack of fertilizer application can not take advantage of crops to increase yield.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the amount of fertilization suitable for crop growth to improve crop yield and environmental protection.As a sustainable agricultural development model,legume and gramineae intercropping played an important role in ensuring food production,because it can make full use of space,light,water and nutrient resources and can improve the soil microenvironment and improve the nutritional status of plants.In order to better serve the agricultural production,the experimental study took corn and soybean as the research objects and a two-factor random block design was made.The first factor is the planting mode,including corn monoculture(M0),corn/soybean 1:2 planting(M1)and corn/soybean 2:2planting(M2),the second factor is the fertilization level,including 0%(CK),85%(S1),100%(S2)and 115%(S3).The study was to research the effects of different corn-soybean planting patterns and fertilizer amounts on soil nutrients,water content and corn growth,and to find a fertilizer system and optimal intercropping model suitable for corn growth in Xiaodian District,Taiyuan City,Shanxi Province.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Among the four fertilization treatments of CK,S1,S2 and S3,the average plant height of corn was the highest under S2 fertilization.Compared with the M0 planting model,the average plant height of the corn in the M1 and M2 planting models was increased.(2)Compared with CK fertilization,the ear length of corn under S1,S2 and S3 treatment significantly increased but M1 and M2 showed no significant increase in ear length compared with M0.Planting mode and fertilization amount had significant effects on corn 100-kernel weight,dry weight per ear,and fresh weight per ear(P<0.05).Among the three planting models,the M1 planting model is the best in the corn yield,100-kernel weight,single-ear fresh weight,and single-ear dry weight.(3)In 2018,the soil moisture content was mainly concentrated in the depth range of 0-30 cm,and the average soil moisture content was the lowest under S2 fertilization treatment.In 2019,the soil moisture content of M1 planting mode was mainly concentrated in the depth range of 40-50 cm,and the average soil moisture content was the lowest under S2 treatment.(4)Soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen had a similar distribution rule,mainly concentrated in the depth of the soil layer in the range of 0-30 cm.Under the same planting mode,with the increase of fertilizer,the average of soil ammonium nitrogen gradually increased in each fertilization treatment.In the M0 planting mode,the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen of each layer of soil did not change much as the distance from the corn increased at the horizontal direction.In the M1 and M2 planting modes,the average soil nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content at the range of 0-30 cm increased with the distance from the corn.(5)The available phosphorus in the soil was mainly concentrated in the depth of0-30 cm,and the average content of available phosphorus under each fertilization treatment gradually increased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer under the same planting mode.In the three-planting mode,the available phosphorus in each layer of soil does not change much with the distance from the corn at the horizontal direction.In the range of 0-50 cm soil depth,the available phosphorus content of the soil decreased with the increase of the soil depth.Under the M1 and M2 planting modes,the average available phosphorus content of the soil in the range of 0-30 cm varied with the distance from the corn.Under the same fertilization treatment,the average available phosphorus content in the soil under the M0 planting mode was the highest,and the average available phosphorus content in the M2 planting mode was the lowest.(6)Under different planting patterns and fertilization rates,the available potassium in the soil was mainly concentrated in the depth range of 10-30 cm,and the soil available potassium increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the soil depth.In addition,the average content of soil available potassium in each fertilization treatment gradually increased with the increase of fertilization in the M0 and M1 planting modes.Compared with CK treatment,the average soil available potassium increased significantly under the treatment S1,S2 and S3.Under the same fertilization treatment,the average available soil potassium content in the M0 planting mode was the highest,and the lowest in the M2 planting mode.(7)In short,compared with the M0 planting mode,the M1 and M2 planting modes had a promoting effect on corn growth and yield.Compared with the CK fertilization treatment,the nutrient content of the three fertilization treatments S1,S2,and S3 generally increased.The soil average nutrient content under the S3 fertilization treatment was the highest It can be concluded that under S2 fertilization,the growth of corn was the best and the yield was the highest.