| Duck meat quality is affected by many factors,among which breed and age are the key factors.How to control the relationship between feeding cost and meat quality is an important way to improve the efficiency of meat duck breeding.In this study,Runzhou Crested White Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Cherry Valley Duck were taken as the research objects to explore their growth performance and the deposition law of meat quality of muscle tissue with age,so as to provide theoretical basis for the marketing age of different breeds of ducks.The method of daily age identification was established by studying the law of growth and development and nutrient deposition of different duck breeds.The main results are as follows:1.Growth performance of different breeds of ducks.In order to compare the growth and development rules and meat performance of different duck breeds,the body weight,feed conversion rate,main organ index and slaughtering performance of Cherry Valley Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck at the age of 21,35,49 and 63 days were measured.The results showed that the day of inflexion of Cherry Valley Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck were 21.99,22.69 and 22.13 days,respectively.The feed conversion rate Liancheng White Duck was higher than that of Runzhou Crested White Duck and Cherry Valley Duck(P<0.05).At 21,35 and 49 days old,the feed weight ratio of Runzhou Crested White Duck was higher than that of Cherry Valley Duck(P<0.05).The dressed percentage of 63-day-old Cherry Valley duck,Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck were all more than 80%.The body weight,slaughter weight,eviscerated weight,percentage of eviscerated yield,half eviscerated weight,breast muscle weight,leg muscle weight and percentage of lean meat Cherry Valley duck were significantly higher than those of Runzhou Crested White Duck and Liancheng White Duck(P<0.05).The body weight,carcass weight,eviscerated weight,half eviscerated weight,breast muscle weight,percentage of breast muscle and percentage of lean meat Runzhou Crested White Duck were significantly higher than those of Liancheng White Duck(P<0.05).The results showed that the growth performance and meat production performance of Cherry Valley Duck were better than those of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck,and Runzhou Crested White Duck was better than Liancheng White Duck.2.The regularity of nutrient deposition in different breeds of ducks.The purpose of this study was to compare the differences of meat quality and nutrient deposition among different duck breeds.In this experiment,the routine nutrients,inosinic acid content,amino acid content and fatty acid content of muscle of Cherry Valley Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck of different ages were determined.The results showed that with the increase of age,the water content of breast muscle of Cherry Valley Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck decreased significantly,while the content of protein and fat increased significantly(P<0.05).And the fat content of breast muscle of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck deposited rapidly in the later stage.The water content of leg muscle of Cherry Valley Duck was significantly higher than that of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck(P<0.05).The leg muscle protein content of 49-day-old Cherry Valley Duck was the highest,while that of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck reached a higher level at 63 days old.With the increase of age,the fat content in leg muscle of Runzhou Crested White Duck gradually increased(P<0.05),and reached the maximum at 63 days old.With the increase of age,the collagen content in leg muscle of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck decreased,while that of Cherry Valley Duck increased gradually.Breed and age had interactive effect on IMP content in breast and leg muscle of duck.With the increase of age,the content of IMP in breast muscle of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck increased significantly(P<0.05),and reached the highest value at 63 days old,which were 1.94 mg/g and 2.16 mg/g,respectively.However,the content of IMP in breast meat of Cherry Valley Duck had no significant change(P>0.05),but had a decreasing trend.The content of IMP in breast muscle of 63-day-old Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck was significantly higher than that of Cherry Valley duck(P<0.05).With the increase of age,the IMP content of leg muscle of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck decreased at first and then increased(P<0.05),but the change of Cherry Valley Duck was not significant(P>0.05).The Breeds and age had interactive effect on the flavor amino acids Asp,Glu,Ala and Leu of breast muscle,but had no interaction on the amino acid composition of leg muscle.With the increase of age,the content of flavor amino acids in breast muscle of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck increased significantly(P<0.05),and reached the highest value at 63 days old,while Cherry Valley Duck reached the maximum value at 49 days old(P<0.05).Breeds had significant effects on the contents of Asp,Glu,Ala in leg muscle.The contents of Asp,Glu and Ala in leg muscle of Runzhou Crested White Duck were significantly higher than those of Liancheng White Duck and Cherry Valley Duck(P<0.05).There was interaction between breed and age on fatty acids C18:1n9c(oleic acid),C20(peanut acid),C20(eicosenoic acid)and C18:3n3(linolenic acid)in breast muscle of duck.The content of monounsaturated fatty acid(C18:1n9c)in breast muscle of Liancheng White Duck decreased significantly with the increase of age(P<0.05).The content of C18:2n6c(linoleic acid)in breast muscle of Cherry Valley Duck was significantly higher than that of Liancheng White Duck(P<0.05).The contents of C24:0 and C22:6n3(DHA)in breast muscle of ducks decreased significantly with the increase of age(P<0.05).The contents of C20:4n6(arachidonic acid)and DHA in leg muscle of Runzhou Crested White Duck and Liancheng White Duck were significantly higher than those of Cherry Valley Duck(P<0.05).3.Study on the method of identifying the age of different duck breeds.In order to accurately determine the age of different duck breeds,the correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out on the growth index and meat quality index of Runzhou Crested White Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Cherry Valley Duck,The results showed that there was a high correlation between the contents of BMD,IMP,EAA,FAA,IMF and meat quality in Runzhou Crested White Duck,a high correlation between the contents of BMD,TAA,FAA and meat quality in Liancheng White Duck,and a high correlation between tibia length and meat quality in Cherry Valley Duck.Therefore,the meat quality can be reflected by the above growth index and nutritional composition index,and the day age of Runzhou Crested White Duck,Liancheng White Duck and Cherry Valley Duck can be identified by the regression equation of above index and day age respectively.To sum up,the growth performance and meat production performance of Cherry Valley Duck were better than those of Liancheng White Duck and Runzhou Crested White Duck,and Runzhou Crested White Duck was better than Liancheng White Duck.The meat quality of 49-day-old Cherry Valley duck was the best,while that of Runzhou Crested White Duck and Liancheng White Duck was the best,and the meat quality of 63-day-old Runzhou Crested White Duck was better than that of Liancheng White Duck and Cherry Valley Duck.The rules of growth and development and nutrient deposition of different duck breeds can provide some reference for their age identification. |
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