| Rose were significant floral plant,its volatile components could be used to extract essential oil and produce spice.At present,Rosa damascena and Rosa centifolia were main materials which used for rose essential oil extraction.All of them had kinship with Rosa rugosa.The aroma properties of them were good,but cold and drought resistance was far less than Rosa rugosa and did not suitable for planting in the north of China.In recent years,Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ and Rosa rugosa‘Ku shui’ had attracted much attention from society with high oil yield,but there was still a gap between the quality of essential oils and international essential oil market standards.so there were obstacles in the accurate docking of international market demand.In this study,four kinds of rose with high oil yield were selected as the research material,and the type and content of its endogenous aromatic composition were compared and analyzed to explore the causes of the difference about aroma characteristics between the Rosa rugosa and its near-edge species.In order to provide theoretical support for improving the aromatic character of Rosa rugosa,increasing the extraction rate of rose oil and selection of oil rose seed with high cold-resistant.The experimental materials for this study are Rosa damascene,Rosa centifolia,Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ and Rosa rugosa‘Ku shui’.In order to reduce the experimental error caused by sampling inconsistency,first of all,the development process of rose flower was tracked and observed,and the reference index of sample collection with distinctive characteristics were developed.Then samples were collected according to fixed indicators.including bud of Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’,flower of Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ at half opening stage,Blooming stage and fading stage.Rosa damascene,Rosa centifolia and Rosa rugosa‘Ku shui’ choosed a period when flower were in full blooming stage.Ethyl acetate were used to extract the endogenous aromatic components of petal,stamen and sepal of different flower organs,and GC-MS was used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the aromatic components of each sample.The results were as follow:The bud of Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ grew slowly,lasted 12 d,the pattern of its earliest and full opening period changed the fastest,the duration is 1d,the flowering period was about 2.5d.Most of flowers began to blooming in the early morning.The largest number of flowers was at full opening stage around 10 a.m.When studying sampling rose aromatic substances,the optimal sampling time should be concentrated between 8 a.m.and 10 a.m.Petal of Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ was the main storage site of endogenous aromatic ingredients,and the aromatic components in the sepal were the least.Although the stamen with small mass,there were many kinds and high content of the aromatic ingredients,13 species and 440.8 μg/g,respectively.Therefore,stamen was also an important storage site of aromatic ingredients..The content of alcohol in the rose petals peaked in bloom,the content of terpenes was highest in the half-opening period,the lilac phenol in the stamen had high levels before the bloom,and the highest content of methyleugenol in the half-open period.The aromatic characteristics and characteristic aromatic component content ratio of Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ petal were most similar to those of Rosa centifolia,and are significantly different from the aromatic characteristics of Rosa damascene and Rosa rugosa‘Ku shui’.The aromatic characteristics of Rosa rugosa‘Feng hua’ are significantly different from Rosa rugosa‘Ku shui’and Rosa centifolia,mainly due to the large amount of eugenol and methyleugenol in its stamen... |
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