Effects Of Sowing Methods And Sowing Rates On Nitrogen Operation,Yield And Quality Of Winter Wheat

In order to clarify the water-saving,yield-increasing,and high-quality effects of different sowing methods of winter wheat,study the mechanism of increasing yield and efficiency of the most suitable sowing amount,and explore the potential of increasing yield,high-quality,and efficient production of winter wheat.The field experiment was carried out in Shangyuan Village.The experiment adopted a two-factor split-field design.The main area was seeding,with four levels of conventional seeding,wide seeding,three-dimensional uniform seeding,and exploring trenching seeding.,225,300 kg·hm^-2.A total of 4 × 3 = 12 processes.The effects of sowing methods and sowing rates on the growth and development characteristics,nitrogen accumulation and transportation,and grain yield and quality of winter wheat were studied.The main results are as follows:（1）Wide-width seeding increases the number of tillers of winter wheat at the jointing stage by 11%-23% compared to other sowing methods,increases plant height and leaf area,and promotes the accumulation of dry matter in winter wheat plants;increases the accumulation of nitrogen in winter wheat jointing-flowering plants,Promote the operation of nitrogen before flowering to the grain,increase the nitrogen accumulation in the grain during the mature period by 1%-6%,increase the nitrogen absorption efficiency by 2%-11% and nitrogen utilization efficiency by 2%-6%;increase the winter wheat yield by4%-16%,water use efficiency 1%-18%;significantly increase the content of various protein components after flowering,increase grain albumin content by 3%-7%,globulin content by 1%-6%,and gliadin content by 1%-10 %,Increase protein content by 2%-3%;increase grain soluble sugar content by 6%-9%,sucrose content by 6%-15%,and starch content by 6%-11%.（2）The matched seeding capacity of wide-width seeding is 225 kg·hm^-2,which significantly increases the number of tillers during jointing stage of winter wheat by 17%-27%,increases plant height and leaf area,significantly increases dry matter quality by 4%-10%,and increases the number of ears.55-11%,the ear grain number is 11%-14%,the yield is increased by 2%-8%,and the water use efficiency is increased by 1%-23%.（3）Compared with other sowing rates,the 225 kg·hm^-2 planting rate of wide-width seeding significantly increased the nitrogen accumulation of plants at the jointing and booting stages by 17%-22%and 12%-19%,and promoted the accumulation of nitrogen before anthesis and increased grain nitrogen.The accumulation amount of nitrogen increases the nitrogen absorption efficiency by 1%-6% and the nitrogen utilization efficiency by 1%-2%.（4）The supporting seeding capacity of wide-width seeding is 225 kg·hm^-2.Compared with other seedings,the grain albumin content is 2%-4%,globulin content 1%-3%,gliadin content 2%-13%,gluten content 3 %-17%,increase glutol ratio by 1%-3%,increase protein content by 1%-4%,protein content yield by 11%-19%;increase soluble sugar,sucrose,starch content by 1%-5%,1%-4% and 1%-5%.To sum up,the wide sowing amount of 225 kg·hm^-2 can increase the tiller number,plant height,and leaf area of winter wheat at various growth stages,and then promote the dry matter mass accumulation of winter wheat at various growth stages,which is beneficial to the growth stages of winter wheat plants.Increasing nitrogen accumulation,increasing nitrogen transport before flowering and its contribution to grains,is beneficial to increase the protein content and content of grains during maturity,is beneficial to the increase of soluble sugar,sucrose and starch content,is beneficial to nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen fertilizer Production efficiency and water use efficiency are improved,and finally the output and quality are simultaneously improved.