Study On Intestinal Microbiome Colonization And Correlation With Growth Rate And Oxidative Stress Of Piglets

Intestinal microecology can affect the intake,storage,and utilization of nutrients by the body,and has significant influence on animal growth and development.Establishment of an individual’s microbial ecosystem is influenced by various factors,such as birth mode,diet,antibiotics,diseases,and living environment.With deepening interest in microbial symbioses,increasing attention has been paid to the roles of intestinal flora.A dynamically balanced intestinal microbial ecosystem is required for the healthy growth of the host.Piglets take time to establish a balanced intestinal microbial ecosystem.Prior to establishing this balance,they are susceptible to external factors that can cause growth retardation,low feed conversion rate,and even occurrence of diseases.Based on the characteristics of intestinal microecological structure and physicochemical properties of piglets at different development stages,this paper analyzed the factors affecting the early colonization of intestinal microorganisms in piglets,hoping to provide theoretical reference for the research on the formation,maturation and effects of intestinal microecology on the growth and development of piglets.In the first place,the Mashen pig and Jinfen white pig as the research object,16 S rRNA sequencing was used to detect the microflora structure of feces,saliva,vaginal secretions,colostrum,feces,saliva of newborn piglets and surrounding environment samples in the delivery sows,and analyze the origin and influencing factors of intestinal microorganisms in piglets.The correlation analysis of piglets’ faeces at different time points from birth to the end of nursery stage with piglets’ weight and daily gain was carried out.The ileum microbial diversity of piglets at the beginning,the end of weaning and the end of nursery stage was analyzed,the correlation analysis was carried out with SOD,MDA and other oxidative stress factors in piglet blood.The experimental research results are as follows:1.Analysis of gut microbiota colonization and formation of piglets and its influencing factorsThe microbial diversity of sow feces,saliva,vaginal secretions,lotions,piglets feces,saliva and perinatal environment of Mashen pig and Jinfen white pig was detected by 16 S rRNA sequencing.The structure of microorganisms in sows and piglets’ saliva was similar to that in the environment.Acinetobacter,Actinomycetes,Pseudomonas and other Proteobacteria were the main groups.The core bacteria in the vaginal contents and colostrum samples are Pseudomonas.In the fecal samples,the main genera before and after delivery of sows were Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group.The fecal microorganisms of piglets at the first day of age had the highest levels of Pseudomonas and Escherichia-Shigella,and the abundance of Lactobacillu was also gradually increasing.2.Fecal microbial diversity and its effects on growth and development of pigletsMicrobial diversity analysis of piglet feces samples,It was found that Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were the specific bacteria genera in piglets at the beginning of their life.The abundance of Escherichia and Lactobacillus was high during lactation,but decreased significantly at the beginning of the nursing period.Lactobacillus and Clostridium sensu stricto 1 were present throughout the growth stage.The correlation analysis showed that twenty-nine bacteria genera such as Lactobacillu and Subdoligranulum had significant positive correlation with piglet weight and daily weight gain.Twelve bacteria genera,including Escherichia,Clostridium,Staphylococcus and Akkermansia,were negatively correlated with piglet weight.3.Correlation analysis between microbial diversity and oxidative stressThe results of blood detection showed that there was no significant difference between the antioxidant indexes SOD and T-AOC in the primary stage,but the levels of SOD and T-AOC in the blood of Jinfen white pigs at the 28 th and 70 th ages were significantly higher than those of Mashen pigs.Through the correlation analysis of intestinal microorganisms and blood indexes,Prevotelaceae_NK3B31 and Subdoligranulum showed extremely significant positive correlation with SOD and T-AOC(P < 0.01).Vesellae and Dorea were positively correlated with MDA(P < 0.05).There was a significant negative correlation between pasteurella and SOD(P < 0.05),there was an extremely negative correlation between clostridium and T-AOC.Veirococcus and Romboutsia were negatively correlated with SOD(P < 0.01).In summary,Breast milk,vaginal secretions and saliva were the main sources of intestinal microorganisms of newborn piglets,and intestinal microorganisms played an important role in the stress resistance of piglets.The results of this study can provide theoretical basis for the protection of sow delivery and the early nursing of piglets,as well as the development of microbial agents to improve the intestinal health of piglets.