| In this project,the field experiment was carried out with Wuqing Field Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Field experiment was conducted with strong gluten wheat cultivars Hengguan 35(HG35)and weak gluten wheat cultivar Yangmai 15(YM15)as the experimental material to study the nitrogen metabolism,plant matter accumulation,yield composition and grain nutrient quality of strong gluten and weak gluten wheat under different nitrogen application rates.The theoretical basis and data support were provided to explore the stable and efficient nitrogen fertilizer management model of strong gluten and weak gluten wheat,promote the quality of the wheat grain.The main results are as follows:1.Effects of nitrogen application on soil nutrient in wheatThe effect of nitrogen fertilizer on nitrate nitrogen in wheat field was significant than ammonium nitrogen.With the process of growth period,nitrogen nutrient in soil migrate to soil depth in the form of nitrate nitrogen,and mainly concentrated in the 40-80 cm soil layer.And weak gluten wheat YM15 loss most nitrate nitrogen under 300 kg/hm~2 treatment.2.Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen metabolism of different wheat cultivarsThe activities of glutamic acid synthase(GS),endopeptidase(EP),aminopeptidase(AP)and nitrate reductase(NR)in flag leaf of strong gluten and weak gluten wheat were regulated by nitrogen fertilizer,and the GS activities in flag leaf of HG35 & YM15 were significantly increased by nitrogen fertilizer.At the same time,the nitrogen fertilizer could significantly increase the activity of NR in the booting stage of YM15.Among varieties,the key nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity of the flag leaf of the strong wheat HG35 was generally higher than that of the weak wheat YM15,and then the content of soluble protein was higher than that of YM15.In the usage of photosynthetic nitrogen,the maximum net photosynthetic rate between different treatments was significantly increased with the raise of nitrogen application rate,and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of weak gluten wheat YM15 was generally higher than that of strong gluten weak HG35.Therefore,the photosynthetic nitrogen utilization efficiency(PNUE)of weak gluten wheat YM15 was higher than that of strong gluten wheat HG35.At 180 and 300 kg/ha nitrogen application level,the difference PNUE reach the significant level between YM15 and HG35.3.Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen translocation of different wheat cultivarsIn terms of the nitrogen translocation,increasing the nitrogen application rate can increase the dry matter accumulation and the amount of dry storage of the vegetative organs before flowering.In general,the dry matter transfer efficiency of the strong gluten wheat was higher than that of the weak gluten wheat cultivar,the variation range HG35 leaves and stem dry matter transfer rate is 51.1 %-74.2 %,which is higher than 35.2 %-64.3 % of YM15.The nitrogen application was significantly raise the nitrogen transfer amount and contribution rate from wheat vegetative organ to grain.Among cultivars,the nitrogen transfer amount and rate of leaves and stem of strong gluten wheat HG35 were all significant higher than those of weak gluten wheat YM15.But the high amount of nitrogen application will affect the contribution of nitrogen to grain from the vegetative organs of the strong gluten wheat HG35.With the increase of the nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen contribution rate from the vegetative organs(leaves,stem)to grain was decreased.4.Effects of nitrogen application on grain yield and quality of different wheat cultivarsCompared with the weak gluten wheat cultivar,the yield of the strong gluten wheat were higher than those of the weak gluten wheat.The main reason was that the panicle number of HG35 was significantly higher than that of YM15.In the grain quality,with the increase of nitrogen application rate,the content of wet gluten,gluten moisture capacity and protein content of weak gluten wheat were significantly increased,and the content of wet gluten in YM15 was 6.65 % higher than that in control at 300 kg/ha,which significantly reduced the processing quality of weak gluten wheat.The protein content of the strong gluten wheat was significantly increased with the raise of nitrogen application rate.The application of nitrogen fertilizer promoted the growth of strong gluten wheat and had no significant effect on the quality of strong gluten wheat.Synthesize the yield and quality of wheat,the nitrogen application rate of weak gluten wheat should not exceed 180 kg/ha,and strong gluten wheat could not be increased to 300 kg/ha. |
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