| Plant protection operations,especially spray operations,have always been a key link in the management of orchards.The quality of their operations directly affects fruit quality and yield.However,the main means for the prevention and control of pests in mountain orchards and fruit trees in China is the manual sprayer.The traditional manual sprayer requires a lot of manpower and the working environment is poor.The medium and large equipments occupy a part of the proportion,but the large equipment has a large volume and weight.It is difficult to display in mountain orchards.Therefore,it is of great significance to study a new type of mountain orchard sprayer with high efficiency of spraying liquid medicine and flexible use.Aiming at the problems of low efficiency of spraying in the process of pesticide spraying mechanization and inconvenient use of large-scale spraying equipment,a light and simple remote air-feeding sprayer was designed.The sprayer is mounted on a mountain orchard transporter and can be used on mountainous areas.The high-efficiency spraying of pesticides in the orchard,coupled with the disturbance of the wind on the leaves of the fruit trees and the transport of the droplets,can further enhance the effect of planting operations in mountain orchards.This paper describes the main performance parameters of the air-assisted sprayer,the design of key components,and the use of computer-aided technology to complete the overall architecture and modular design of the air-driven sprayer,prototype the first prototype,and carry out the machine The performance test,the work is summarized as follows:(1)The sprayer can be mounted on a mountain orchard rail transporter to achieve automatic spraying of pesticides in mountain orchards.The overall design of the sprayer was determined,with a height of about 2.5 m,a tank volume of 200 L and a maximum spray distance of about 23 m.According to the field operation requirements,the power ofthe fan and the liquid pump motor can be reasonably selected to ensure the high efficiency of the machine in the field.(2)The electric push rod and the slewing bearing are used to realize the control of the pitch angle and horizontal rotation of the air cylinder.The electric push rod and the slewing bearing are two-wire devices,and the power supply electrode can switch the push-pull mode of the electric push rod and the rotation direction of the slewing bearing,thereby designing a positive and negative conversion circuit,and the electric push rod can be controlled by using a remote controller The push-pull and the slewing bearing are reversed,which in turn controls the pitch and horizontal rotation of the air cylinder.(3)The PWM principle is used to realize the design of the flow and wind speed control system.Through the combination of PLC and analog output module,adjust the digital quantity of PLC input analog output module to change the output voltage of analog output module,realize the control of DC motor speed,and then realize the change of wind speed and flow.Adjust the speed of the air cylinder motor and the liquid pump motor to control the wind speed and liquid flow of the fan under different operation requirements.(4)Using sensors such as voltage,current,flow rate,and wind speed,the effects of the above factors on the performance of the orbital air-powered sprayer are explored.The energy consumption of the spray fan motor has a great influence on the stability of the system operating conditions,while the power of the medicine pump motor is small,the voltage and current required for the operation are easy to be satisfied,and the working condition is maintained stable.In the future,the selection of the sprayer fan motor can reduce the power appropriately to ensure that the whole machine maintains stable working conditions during operation. |
