Effects Of Base Fertilizers And Densities On Growth And Development And Yield And Quality Of Xinong 805 Winter Wheat

Wheat is an important crop in China,it is an important research topic in wheat cultivation research to realize the combination of good varieties and good practices.In order to determine the best base fertilizer type and sowing density of winter wheat Xinong 805,winter wheat Xi nong 805 was used as test material,and the two-factor split zone test design was adopted.the main area is base fertilizer,set two treatments:P1:wheat slow release fertilizer（brand of yaoqianshu N-P₂O₅-K₂O 24-15-5）750kg·ha^-1、P2:wheat compound fertilizer:urea（N content 46.4%）390kg·ha^-1,superphosphate（P₂O₅ content 12%）937.5kg·ha^-1,potassium calcium sulfate（K₂O content 24%）156.25kg·ha^-1;sub-zone is sowing density,set four treatments:112.5kg·ha^-1（D1）、150kg·ha^-1（D2）、187.5kg·ha^-1（D3）、225kg·ha^-1（D4）,explore the effects of different types of base fertilizers and sowing densities on agronomic traits、photosynthetic characteristics yield and quality of winter wheat Xinong805,the results as following:1.The plant height of Xinong 805 wheat increased with the increase of sowing density.The booting stage to the anthesis stage is the rapid growth period of wheat plant height,the effect of base fertilizer on wheat plant height is not significant;the low sowing density significantly promoted the development of flag leaf area,while the base fertilizer had no significant effect;with the increase of sowing density,the number of basic seedlings and the total number of stems at returning green stage showed an increasing trend,the effect of base fertilizer is not significant;the number of panicles and the rate of panicle formation increase first and then decrease with the increase of sowing density,the effect of base fertilizer treatment on the number of panicles and the rate of panicle formation is not significant;low sowing density significantly increase the accumulation of dry matter in wheat single stems,and the difference between the two base fertilizer treatments was not significant;wheat grain filling rate increase showed a gradual increase-fast increase period-slow increase period,the1000-grain weight of wheat also showed a slow-fast-slow growth trend,on the same day after anthesis,with the increase of sowing density,the 1000-grain weight of wheat was a downward trend,the difference between treatments is not significant,the wheat compound fertilizer can delay the fastest period of wheat grain weight growth.2.With the increase of sowing density,the net photosynthetic rate、stomatal conductance、intercellular CO₂concentration and transpiration rate of wheat flag leaves increase first and then decrease,under the wheat slow release fertilizer condition,the number of wheat spikes per hectare and the kernels per spike reach the maximum under 150kg·ha^-1sowing density,under the base fertilizer wheat compound fertilizer condition,the number of wheat spikes per hectare and the kernels per spike reach the maximum under 187.5kg·ha^-1sowing density,the wheat compound fertilizer was more favorable to the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves than the wheat slow release fertilizer;wheat flag leaf SPAD value treated with low sowing density is larger,and the effect of base fertilizer on wheat flag leaf SPAD value was not significant.3.With the seedling density increase,wheat yield increase first and then decrease,under the wheat compound fertilizer condition,the 187.5kg·ha^-1 sowing density treatment was the highest;the number of wheat spikes per hectare and the kernels per spike also increase first and then decrease with the increase of sowing density,under the wheat slow release fertilizer condition,the number of wheat spikes per hectare and the kernels per spike reach the maximum under 150kg·ha^-1 sowing density,under the wheat compound fertilizer condition,the number of wheat spikes per hectare and the kernels per spike reach the maximum under187.5kg/hm² sowing density,the difference in the number of wheat spikes per hectare under the seeding density was significant,but the number of spikes was not significant.The difference between the two indexes was not significant under the conditions of base fertilizer treatment;the low density can significantly increase the 1000-grain weight,the base fertilizer P1treament can increase the 1000-grain weight.4.The test weight and maximum tensile resistance of wheat increase first and decrease then with the increase of sowing density,the grain weight and maximum tensile resistance of wheat were the highest in sowing density 150kg·ha^-1 under the condition of the wheat slow release fertilizer,the grain weight and maximum tensile resistance of wheat were the highest in sowing density 187.5kg·ha^-1 under the condition of the wheat compound fertilizer,The maximum tensile resistance under the condition of the wheat compound fertilizer was higher than that of the wheat slow release fertilizer;the sedimentation value,protein content,wet gluten content and water absorption of wheat show a decrease trend with the increase of sowing density,the sedimentation value of the wheat compound fertilizer is better than that of the wheat slow release fertilizer.The protein content,wet gluten and water absorption rate of the wheat slow release fertilizer are better than that of the wheat compound fertilizer,the difference was not significant between all treatments.In summary,the best base fertilizer and sowing density treatment of Xinong 805 is the wheat compound fertilizer and sowing density 187.5kg·ha^-1.