Effect Of Different Phosphate Fertilizer Application Combined With Silicon Fertilizer On The Stem Morphological Characteristics,Anti-fall Ability And Yield Of Maize

Maize is an important food,energy and fodder crop,and demand for maize is enormous.The southwest hilly area,as one of the most important corn producing areas in China,often causes the large area lodging of maize,which seriously endangers the yield formation and mechanization harvest of maize.Some studies have shown that silicon and phosphorus have a synergistic effect,meanwhile silicon can enhance the lodging resistance of crops.However,there are relatively few studies on maize,and there is a lack of research on the suitable dosage of maize and silicon fertilizer in the southwest region.And this experiment took main push high-yield variety positive red 505 in Sichuan as material,used split-plot experiment design,took the amount of phosphate fertilizer as main treatments,and the amount of silicone fertilizer as deputy treatments.The experiment investigated the morphology of corn,the morphology and mechanical properties of the basal internodes,the basal internodes components,the anatomical structure of the third node,material accumulation,yield and its composition.The main conclusions are as follows:1.Both phosphate fertilizer and silicon fertilizer improved the ear character of maize to a certain extent.,they increased production by increasing the number of rows and100-grain weight Under the conditions of this experiment,the yield of maize increased with the increase of the amount of silicon fertilizer,and the two showed a linear relationship.At the two phosphate fertilizer levels,the yield of silicon（SiO₂）180 kg/hm²was the highest.2.Silicon fertilizer promoted the growth of maize to a certain extent,and increased the dry matter accumulation of jointing,the big trumpet,silking,grouting and maturation period,especially in post-fertility period,there was a significant or highly significant correlation between the two,which was basis for silicon fertilizer to increase production.3.Silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer also had some influence on absorbing and accumulating of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in maize.Generally,there was a tendency to increase the absorption and accumulation of three element and increase the fertilizer utilization.However,there was not a linear relationship between the two.under the condition of this experiment.With the increase of silicon fertilizer application,the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus increased or increased first and then decreased slightly.With the applying silicon fertilizer of 135-180 kg/hm²,there is maximum accumulation And the accumulation of potassium decreased first and then increased。4.Silicon fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer also had some influence on maize plant and basal internodes morphology.In general,with the increase of silicon fertilizer,the plant height and ear height coefficient first decreased and then increased slightly.Stem internodes 2-7th had a slight increase trend.The width of the internodes increased and then slightly decreased.Dry weight of the internodes increased slightly and the decreased slightly.5.Silicon fertilizer significantly increased the lignin and cellulose content in the base internodes of the maize.,but phosphate fertilizer had little effect.As the level of silicon fertilizer increased,the lignin and cellulose in the internodes of the maize base stalk increased and the decreased,and there was a quadratic convex relationship between the two.6.Reasonably increasing the silicon fertilizer significantly increased the mechanical tissue and cortex thickness,the number of vascular bundles and the ratio of cortical area to the radius in the third node of corn basal.At the same time,the proportion of large and small vascular bundles increased,the vascular bundle area,the vascular bundle phloem area and xylem area increased significantly.Silicon improved the composition of the third node of corn basal structure and increased the mechanization degree of internodes cortex.7.Phosphate fertilizer had no significant effect on the mechanical strength between the corn silking stage and the 2-7th basement in the silking period and grouting period,but the effects of silicon fertilizer reached extremely significant levels except for individual internodes.The puncture strength and crushing strength of the internodes 2-7th all increased first and then decreased with the increase of silicon fertilizer in the silking period and grouting period However,under the phosphate fertilizer dosage of 90 kg/hm²P₂O₅,most of the internodes crushing strength increased with the increase of silicon fertilizer level.This showed that rational application of silicon fertilizer increased the internodes mechanical strength of the maize and enhanced its lodging resistance.8.The field lodging rate decreased first and then increased with the increase of silicon fertilizer level.Under the fertilizer dosage of 90-135 kg/hm² SiO₂,there was a minimum of field lodging rate.And The field lodging rate was significantly negatively correlated with the puncture strength,crush strength,and fold strength of the base stalks.It was an effective measure to prevent lodging by strengthening the strength of the base internodes through the rational application of silicon-phosphorus fertilizers.