Effects Of Planting Methods And Fertilization Measures On Stem Lodging In Late Growth Stage Of Summer Maize

In order to clarify the impact of the cultivation methods and fertilization measures on the lodging of summer maize at the later growth stage,The field experiment of summer maize was conducted in Xinxiang Experimental Base,Henan Province,Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2018-2019.Zhengdan 958 was used as the test material,and the fracture zone was designed.The main zone was planted by A（A1:small double row;A2:single row）,and the sub-region is density B（B1:82,500 strains·hm-2;B2:60,000 plant·hm-2）,and the secondary area was fertilizer type C（C1:slow-release fertilizer;C2:Common compound fertilizer）.Through accumulation of dry matter、Leaf area index、Plant height、Ear height、height of center of gravity、Mechanical strength between base nodes（rind penetration strength、stalk crushing strength）、Variation of internode length（Section 3、Section 4、Section 5）And yield and other indicators for systematic research,Clarify the relationship between carbohydrate changes and mechanical strength between maize nodes;The interrelationship between the three major factors of ear number Acre ear、Kernel number per ear、Kernel weightand maize yield;Relationship between plant height,ear height,height of center of gravity and mechanical strength;The correlation between Ear ratio,Coefficient of center of gravityand internode length.Reveal the relationship between maize yield and the formation of stalk mechanical strength and lodging resistance.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield and stable cultivation of dense-planting maize and the breeding of organic kernel harvesting and lodging resistance varieties.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the high-yield and stable cultivation of densely planted maize and the selection of mechanically harvested kernel resistant varieties.The main results are as follows:（1）The interaction of planting methods and fertilization measures affects the plant height and ear height of maize.There is a significant difference in plant height between densities,There is no significant difference between the planting methods.Zheng Dan 958,The plant height under A₁（small double row）planting is lower than A₂（single row）planting.The plant height increases with the increase of density,It is lower than B₂(60,000 plants·hm^-2)at the density of B₁(82,500plants·hm^-2),Under C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）fertilizer type,it is lower than C₂（common compound fertilizer）;The ear height of Zhengdan 958 increased and planting density increased,The ear height planted under A₁（small double row）is lower than that under A₂（single row）;Compared with B₁(82,500 plants·hm^-2)density,B₂(60,000plants·hm^-2)density is lower,Under the C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）fertilizer type,it is lower than C₂（common compound fertilizer）.（2）The interaction of planting methods and fertilization measures affects the dry matter accumulation and internode length of maize stalks.The dry matter of A₁（small double row）is higher than A₂（single row）;At the density of B₁(82,500 plants·hm^-2),the stem dry matter quality was higher than that of B₂(60,000 plants·hm^-2);Under the C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）fertilizer type.the stem and stem dry matter quality is higher than C₂（common compound fertilizer）.From the flowering stage to the mature stage,The length of the 3rd,4th and 5th nodes of Zhengdan958 gradually decreases.But this has not changed much.During the same period,The length of the fifth internode under each treatment is larger than that of the third internode under the corresponding treatment.The length of the internodes planted in A₁（small double row）is shorter than the length of the internodes planted in A₂（single row）;The internode length at B₁density(82,500 plants·hm^-2)is shorter than B₂(60,000plants·hm^-2);The internode length under the C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）fertilizer type is shorter than C₂（common compound fertilizer）.（3）The interaction of planting methods and fertilization measures affects the lodging resistance of stems.From the flowering stage to the mature stage,Rind penetration strength（RPS）of A₁（small double row）is better than the RPS of A₂（single row）;Rind penetration strength（RPS）of B₁(82,500 plants·hm^-2)was better than that of B₂(60000 plants·hm^-2);Rind penetration strength（RPS）of C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）is better than that of C₂（common compound fertilizer）,Rind penetration strength（RPS）showed the maximum value under the treatment of A₁B₂C₁treatment was 50.42N·cm^-2.The mean value of stalk crushing strength（SCS）between the 4th sections decreased as the growth period increased.stalk crushing strength（SCS）showed the maximum value under the treatment of A₁B₂C₁treatment was 50.42N·cm^-2.Selected A₁（small double row）,B₂(60,000 plants·hm^-2),C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）cultivation measures are all effective to improve the summer maize Rind penetration strength（RPS）,stalk crushing strength（SCS）,Greatly improve the lodging resistance and density tolerance of summer maize.（4）The interaction of planting methods and fertilization measures affects maize yield.Kernel number per ear,kernel weight,single panicle weight and yield of Zhengdan 958 all increase with the increase of density.In the A₁（small double row）planting method,the summer maize yield was highest under the B₁(82,500 plants·hm^-2)density and C₁（Controlled release fertilizer）fertilizer type,up to 13.58 t·hm^-2.To sum up,according to the different performances of stem lodging resistance index under different densities,planting methods and fertilizer types,the appropriate density of Zhengdan 958 was 82,500 plants·hm^-2under small two-row planting.Under this density,plant height,spike height,center of gravity,spike coefficient and center of gravity coefficient were decreased,and population quality characters of summer maize were significantly improved.It is beneficial to improve the puncture strength,crushing strength and lodging resistance.It is beneficial to stem dry matter accumulation and soluble sugar accumulation,which lays the foundation for high yield.It is beneficial to increase the content of cellulose in stem and improve the strength of plant cell wall.The effect on the increase of 1000-grain weight of maize was larger,which was beneficial to the increase of maize yield.