| The problem of heat dissipation caused by high heat flux and narrow space is one of the bottlenecks in the technological progress and development of high performance electronic equipment.An efficient and reliable cooling scheme design is essential,in order to ensure the reliability and stability of electronic equipment.Liquid-cooled radiator such as cold plate,as a single fluid heat exchanger,has the advantages of high cooling efficiency,uniformity and maintainability,which provides an effective way for efficient heat dissipation of electronic equipment.Heat transfer performance often depends on the topological structure of the flow channel.However,the traditional methods are mostly based on empirical design,which has weaknesses such as longer design cycle and higher randomness.The flow channel designed by topology optimization improves the degree of freedom and efficiency,and the engineering application can be realized quickly by additive manufacturing.In this paper,the conjugate heat transfer is analyzed based on the FEM and a multi-objective topology optimization model is established.The topology optimization design and numerical simulation analysis of conjugate heat transfer with different heat source forms and different dimensions are carried out,and the experimental scheme is designed for experimental verification.The main contents of this research are as follows:(1)First of all,for the optimal layout design of cooling channel,the conjugate heat transfer is analyzed based on the FEM and a thermal-flow multi-physics topology optimization mathematical model is established.Density filtering and projection methods are used for avoiding the numerical instability.According to the distribution characteristics of power devices,the optimal geometric models of two kinds of heat source distribution forms are constructed.With maximizing heat transfer and minimizing energy dissipation as the objective function,the flow channel optimization design problem under uniform heat source distribution is solved,and a clear flow channel structure is obtained;taking the average value and the mean square error of the temperature as the objective function with the pressure drop and volume constraints are applied,the flow channel optimization design problem under non-uniform heat source distribution is solved and the effect of pressure drop constraint on the flow channel structure is discussed.By comparing with the traditional parallel channel scheme,the heat dissipation and hydraulic performance of the optimal channel design are studied.(2)Then,the two-dimensional topology optimization method is extended to the optimal design of the cooling channel.the multi-objective topology optimization model of the threedimensional structure of the cold plate channel is established with the objectives of minimizing the average temperature and minimizing energy dissipation.Different optimized geometric model is constructed considering distribution characteristics of two kinds of heat sources,the three-dimensional structure of the flow channel with spatial distribution characteristics is obtained.And the structures are smoothed and secondary modeling by software.Compared with the parallel channel design,the validity of the results is verified by numerical simulation,and the heat transfer performance and flow characteristics are analyzed.(3)Finally,one of the flow channel structures obtained by the above research was selected to design the cold plate model and the manufacturing method was selected for sample production.At the same time,the experiment scheme is designed for setting up the liquidcooling experiment system and several groups of experimental data are measured.The experimental data is processed and the results show that the experimental data are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results.The maximum errors of the average Nusselt number and total thermal resistance are 6.80% and 5.72%,respectively.Through the uncertainty analysis of experimental,the maximum uncertainty of the inlet flow rate and the average Nusselt number are 4.08% and 9.57%,respectively.The experimental results further verify the effectiveness and feasibility of topology optimization design method for the flow channel. |
