| As one of the most powerful means to maintain the power balance between the supply and demand sides,demand response(DR)is playing an important role in the new power system with new energy as the main body.Generally speaking,small and medium-sized users with DR potential are relatively scattered in geographical locations and relatively small in individual capacity,making it difficult to directly participate in system operation and market transactions.With the deepening of the reform of the electricity market,a new entity emerged in the market-load aggregator(LA).By aggregating a large number of small and medium-sized users,LA can participate in market bidding on behalf of users after reaching the market access capacity.However,due to the strong uncertainty in the power market environment and user response behavior,unreasonable bidding strategies will severely reduce LA’s profits,even make LA face the risk of loss,and reduce LA’s market competitiveness.Therefore,research on the optimal bidding strategy of LA is of great significance to increase the profit of LA and the large-scale promotion and application of DR.This paper studies the optimal bidding strategy of LA under incentive-based DR and price-based DR respectively.The main contents are as follows:1.The optimal bidding strategy of LA under incentive-based DR.Firstly,the bidding model of LA without DR and the bidding model with DR are constructed respectively,and the optimal bidding strategy of LA is obtained by maximizing the additional income of LA participating in DR.Then,based on the evaluation index of the user’s DR contribution,a reasonable user compensation mechanism was formulated.Through the simulation,the effectiveness of the optimal bidding model and compensation mechanism is verified.Finally,the impact of the key parameters in the model on LA profit is analyzed,and the following two conclusions are drawn: 1)Using the Exponential Moving Average(EMA)user baseline load estimation method for settlement can provide benefits for LA and users bring higher profits;2)When the market electricity price has a single peak or double peak,the implementation of DR can bring higher profits to the LA and users.2.The optimal bidding strategy of LA under price-based DR.First,through collaborative optimization and scheduling of multiple distributed energy resources,the LA optimal bidding model based on robust optimization method and considering the uncertainty of customer responsiveness is proposed.Then,a case study is analyzed,where the results show that considering the uncertainty of customer responsiveness is of great significance for LA to avoid "buying high and selling low",formulate better bidding and scheduling strategies,and obtain higher profits.Finally,by analyzing the impact of key parameters in the model on LA profit,the following three conclusions are drawn: 1)Real-time market electricity price spikes are conducive to taking advantage of the robust model,and verifying the importance of considering the uncertainty of customer responsiveness;2)It is very important to choose a reasonable combination of robust coefficients,otherwise LA’s bidding strategy may be too conservative to reduce its expected profit;3)As the absolute value of the customers’ self-elasticity coefficients increase,the proposed robust model can show its superiority even more. |
