Research On Thermal Environment And Heating Economy Of Rural Residential Buildings In A Coastal Village Of Qingdao In Winter

At present,as a means to investigate the thermal comfort conditions of residents in different regions,more and more scholars have carried out research on the thermal comfort of different buildings in different regions.Due to the large area of China and the different climatic characteristics,the living standard and thermal comfort of residents in different regions are different.Even at the same indoor temperature,due to the long-term living habits of residents,the adaptability and demand for indoor thermal environment appear different.This study conducted field investigations on rural residential buildings in cold coastal areas in winter,including environmental parameter testing and subjective questionnaire surveys,to study the current thermal comfort of local residents.At the same time,based on the actual measured building parameters,a TRNSYS model was built to simulate energy consumption,analyze the heating load at different heating room temperatures,and put forward suggestions on the renovation of the envelope structure and related heating plans.Through field research,it was found that the indoor air temperature was different when different heating methods are used,and the indoor temperature would change with the outdoor temperature.At the same time,local residents would adjust the indoor temperature according to their actual needs.The CO₂ concentration was affected by heating mode and indoor temperature.With the increase of indoor temperature,CO₂concentration showed an upward trend.For most homes,CO₂ concentrations were concentrated in the 600 to 1000 ppm range.Through the questionnaire survey on the humidity sensation of local residents,it was found that local residents adapt to the current humid environment well.Most residents didn’t feel the air was humid,and didn’t want to change when the indoor humidity was high.The average clothing thermal resistance of the surveyed residents was 1.4 clo.Most residents felt comfortable under the current indoor temperature and are satisfied with their indoor thermal environment.When they felt cold,most residents added coal to their stoves to make them more adaptable to the cold environment.The thermal comfort questionnaire survey found that the thermal sensation of most residents was between-0.5 and 0.5,which was higher than the predicted value of PMV.Through the analysis of TSV,the thermal neutral temperature of local people was 13.7℃,and the thermal comfort range was 6.3～21.0℃.Compared with the thermal comfort of rural residents in other cold areas,local residents were more adaptable to lower indoor temperature.Using TRNSYS to simulate the residential heating load when the indoor temperature was 14℃,16℃and 18℃respectively.According to the local residents’demand for the thermal environment,the comfortable temperature set 14°C.Due to the poor thermal performance of rural residential building envelope,the traditional way of coal consumption was large and the cost was high.Therefore,eight schemes for the renovation of the envelope structure were put forward,and the coal cost of each scheme for heating was compared.Combined with the cost of each transformation scheme and heating coal cost,its economy was analyzed.Economic analysis found that due to the large difference in the cost of reconstruction of the envelope structure,the economics of different reconstruction schemes were different.From a short-term perspective,roof renovation could recover the cost of renovation faster;from a long-term perspective,the economic benefits of exterior walls,exterior windows,and roof renovation were the highest.According to the current step price of Shandong Province,the cost of clean heating with air source heat pump was 36%higher than that of coal-fired heating.In order to promote the enthusiasm of local residents to adopt clean heating,a more reasonable heating electricity system should be formulated to make the cost of clean heating more economical compared with coal.Through the field investigation in this paper,we have understood the needs of local residents for the thermal environment,and determined the comfort temperature of heating in winter,which can be used for the thermal environment evaluation and design of this type of residence.Combined with the actual residential characteristics of local residents,the heating energy consumption under different envelope reconstruction schemes was simulated,and the economic accounting for clean heating was carried out,and the reasonable clean heating electricity price system was recommended.It has positive significance for improving the thermal environment of rural residents in winter and promoting energy saving.