| With the increasing pressure of terminal distribution in urban areas and the capricious epidemic situation in COVID-19,the market is in urgent need of a convenient and new delivery mode that can provide "contactless distribution".Therefore,unmanned ground delivery vehicles have gradually attracted the attention of all sectors of society.Relevant companies have stepped up the testing process of unmanned ground delivery vehicles on the road and increased their promotion efforts;government departments have highly praised the performance of unmanned ground delivery vehicles in the epidemic;more and more scholars devote themselves to this field of research on the delivery of unmanned delivery vehicles.At present,the research on unmanned ground delivery vehicles mainly focuses on the public’s acceptance or the feasibility of unmanned delivery vehicles.There is still room for further study on the terminal delivery problem considering the distribution characteristics of unmanned ground delivery vehicles.Because the unmanned ground delivery vehicle is limited by battery power and has limited mileage,energy supply must be considered in the distribution process to meet the demand of continuous distribution.There are differences between charging mode and power swapping mode,which makes it necessary to consider the path optimization of unmanned distribution vehicles separately.The specific work of this paper is as follows:(1)Based on the actual operation of unmanned ground delivery vehicles and related literature,the unmanned distribution vehicles are studied.This paper analyzes and introduces the unmanned ground delivery vehicle from four aspects: its characteristics,distribution mode,economy and limitations.(2)Considering the factors such as the prohibition of some routes,the limitation of receiving time and the limitation of load capacity faced by unmanned distribution vehicles in the promotion stage,the AVRPTW model which minimizes the total distribution cost without considering charging behavior is established,and the rationality of AVRPTW model is verified by solving it with genetic algorithm through a small-scale example.(3)Considering the actual demand of continuous distribution of unmanned ground delivery vehicles to maintain power consumption during distribution,the path optimization of unmanned ground delivery vehicles in charging mode and power swapping mode is considered respectively.Considering the constraints of road ban,mixed time limit,load limit and other factors,the multi-objective optimization model of unmanned distribution vehicle in charging/ power swapping mode is established with the goal of minimizing the total distribution cost and maximizing customer satisfaction on the premise of meeting the driving demand of vehicles,and an improved genetic algorithm is designed to solve the established model.(4)By analyzing the actual distribution data of S Company,the optimal distribution path between customers is obtained through the distribution optimization model of unmanned ground delivery vehicles under the charging/power swapping mode.According to the solution results,the influence of charging mode and swapping mode on decision-making is compared and analyzed.Finally,through sensitivity analysis,the influence of charging efficiency and customer satisfaction on the route optimization of unmanned delivery vehicles is determined. |
