Study On The Evolution Of Green Building Evaluation Standards And Certification Models In China And The United States

Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have taken the lead in promoting the concept of eco-environmental protection and green building,and have successfully established corresponding evaluation standards.The green building evaluation system LEED is widely used in the world and has a profound impact on the formulation of my country’s green building evaluation standards.Compared with developed countries,my country’s green building development started late.From some of the green building evaluation systems formulated in the early stage of our country,it is not difficult to see different levels of reference to the green building evaluation systems of developed countries.But to learn from the advanced experience of other countries,it is more important to to combine the actual situation of our country to choose what is desirable.Studying the evolution of the green building evaluation system can help us understand the development of green buildings in this country more comprehensively.Models and laws can provide valuable guidance for the formulation of standards and policies related to green buildings in the future.Therefore,the research aims to analyze and summarize the experience and lessons from the evolution of the respective green building evaluation systems in my country and the United States,and to provide constructive reference for the continuous improvement of the green building evaluation system in my country based on the comparative study of the green building evaluation systems of the two countries.First,I sorted out the appraisal system developers,appraisal objects and appraisal scopes since the development of LEED in the United States,and found that LEED has been under the work of the U.S.Green Building Council from formulation to update and perfection.Development schedules have also been formulated,and the objects are evaluated in the revision of the version.And the scope of evaluation is gradually expanded and perfected.Select the changed and influential LEEDv2009 and its previous version LEEDv2.2,as well as LEEDv4.0 and the latest version of LEEDv4.1updated in 2019 for comparative analysis,mainly analyze its evaluation standards and certification models,and conclude that its main concepts are In terms of technological innovation,it optimizes evaluation indicators,integrates processes,and pays attention to performance measurement,and develops in a planned and flexible manner under a predetermined and relatively stable core line.Taking time as the axis to study the evolution of my country’s green building evaluation standards,from the "China Ecological Housing Technology Evaluation Manual" and "Green Olympic Building Evaluation System" to the three editions of the national standard "Green Building Evaluation Standards" 2006 edition,2014 edition,In the 2019 edition,two major aspects of evaluation standards and certification models were analyzed and researched,and it was concluded that each standard system combines the advanced nature of the background at that time and the shortcomings of the current perspective.Longitudinal comparison of the three versions of the "Green Building Evaluation Standards",in addition to updating the content of the indicators,the evaluation objects and the evaluation indicator framework have undergone major changes,and the scoring methods for the three versions are also different.On the whole,my country still has shortcomings in the preparation of green building evaluation standards,the standards related to the invocation or coordinated operation of other standards,and the implementation of the whole process control.From the analysis of evolution and the horizontal comparison of the latest editions of the two countries(evaluation standards and certification models),the ideas derived from the current development of green building evaluation in China,such as the actual implementation of less green measures,weak process control,imbalanced evaluation of geographical distribution,and market The long-term mechanism to promote the development of green buildings has not yet formed,and other relevant suggestions are made to improve China’s green building evaluation system: establish a national and local coordination mechanism for green building evaluation;enhance the openness of index evaluation,such as setting more rewards Class indicators;increase the content of green evaluation in the "construction period";optimize the path to participate in the evaluation.