Study On The Evaluation System Of Environmental Landscape Around Urban And Rural Ancient Buildings

With Chinese economic construction and social development,urbanization construction is continuously strengthened,urban and rural areas are constantly re-planned,and various modern buildings have emerged one after another.At the same time of rapid social and economic development,the protection of cultural relics and historic sites,especially the protection of the surrounding environment of cultural relics and historic sites,has been neglected.This has damaged the surrounding environment of some cultural relics and historic sites,and their historical value has also been damaged,and some have been unable to recover.With the increasing awareness of the importance of historical culture,research on ancient buildings and the surrounding environment of ancient buildings has gradually increased,and scientific and effective protection of ancient buildings and their surrounding environmental landscapes has received more attention.In order to better protect ancient buildings,the historical value of ancient buildings can be strengthened by protecting the surrounding environment of ancient buildings.It is particularly important to comprehensively evaluate the value of the surrounding landscape of ancient buildings.Establishing a reasonable and accurate evaluation system is not only a prerequisite for protecting ancient buildings and their surrounding environmental landscape,but also a scientific basis for the rational development of the surrounding landscape of ancient buildings during urban construction.This paper takes the surrounding landscape of urban and rural ancient buildings as the research object,classifies the basic patterns of surrounding landscape of ancient buildings,analyzes the characteristics of various influencing factors,and determines the influencing factors,so as to construct an evaluation system of the surrounding landscape of urban and rural ancient buildings to realize the historical environment The goal of win-win development and protection.The premise of protecting the surrounding environment of ancient buildings is to evaluate their value,and a correct understanding of the environmental value of ancient buildings is also the basis for the reasonable protection of ancient buildings.This paper firstly divides the surrounding environmental landscape patterns of ancient buildings into 5 categories through investigation and analysis: urban environmental landscape patterns,rural environmental landscape patterns,natural environmental landscape patterns,historical environmental landscape patterns,and comprehensive environmental landscape patterns.At the same time,the influencing factors of the surrounding landscape of ancient buildings are divided into four aspects: historical environment,natural environment,new environment and comprehensive environment.Then determine the environmental landscape impact factors around the ancient buildings,on this basis,through the expert survey method,the analytic hierarchy process,the assignment method,etc.,establish the evaluation system of the surrounding landscape of ancient buildings under different environmental landscape modes.There are 4 levels in this system,which are target level,criterion level,factor level and attribute level.The target layer is 5kinds of surrounding environment landscape modes of ancient buildings;the criterion layer is set under the target layer,and the criterion layer is the influencing factors of the surrounding environment landscape of 4 types of ancient buildings;It is divided into 18 items in total;the attribute layer under the factor layer is a more specific classification of the factor layer,with a total of 42 items,namely evaluation indicators.On this basis,through the calculation of the weights in different landscape modes,the weights of the surrounding landscape factors of ancient buildings are obtained,and the scores are assigned to establish a reasonable evaluation system.Finally,the evaluation system is used to evaluate the surrounding landscape of some ancient buildings in Shanxi to verify its effectiveness and operability.By constructing an evaluation system for the surrounding landscape of ancient buildings,it can provide reference and discussion cases for planning departments,provide ideas and theoretical basis for the study of ancient architectural environment landscape,and provide ideas for urban workers to rationally design the surrounding environment of ancient buildings The local people’s awareness of protecting the surrounding environment of ancient buildings is of great significance to the protection research of historical buildings.