Research On Adaptability And Renovation Strategy Of Typical Traditional Stone Houses In Tunpu,Anshun

With the continuous progress of society and the improvement of people’s living standard,Tunpu traditional stone houses in the functional layout,spatial form,architectural structure,lighting ventilation and sanitary conditions and so on can hardly meet the needs of contemporary life and living conditions,which has a serious impact on the quality of human settlements environment,Tunpu traditional stone houses in the process of villagers’ self-transformation suffered a heavy blow,the gradual disappearance of regional characteristics.Based on the adaptive analysis of the typical traditional stone houses in Tunpu,the paper selects the typical traditional stone houses in Tunpu to conduct field research,conducts questionnaire interviews with the local residents,and finds out the problems and influencing factors of the residential situation.From the four levels of environmental coordination,overall appearance,plane form and tectonic technology,the adaptive analysis of the typical traditional stone houses in Tunpu is carried out,and the adaptive characteristics of residential buildings and the causes of the current situation problems are summarized.Combining traditional construction wisdom with modern architectural technology,this paper puts forward the transformation strategy for the typical traditional stone houses in Tunpu,guides the transformation design according to the transformation strategy,and carries on the transformation design evaluation.The main findings are as follows:(1)The adaptive characteristics of Tunpu’s traditional stone houses are summarized1 Environmental coordination characteristics: residential good combination of terrain,integration with the natural environment,with different elevation,clever division of functional areas,through the change of the interior space of residential buildings,the formation of a double courtyard.Based on the complex terrain,the residential buildings are arranged in order according to the mountain rivers,and the adjacent residences have large height differences,and the undulating stone walls and roofs form a variety of elevation level effects.2 Overall features: the courtyard size of the courtyard is generally around 100-200m2,the yard and courtyard aspect ratio is between 0.8-1.0,the courtyard and courtyard area ratio is between 0.10-0.15.The courtyard size of the courtyard is generally about 200-300m2,the yard aspect ratio is between 0.8-1.0,the courtyard aspect ratio is between0.6-0.8,and the courtyard-to-courtyard area ratio is between 0.10-0.15.The D/H ratio of three homes is between 0.9-1.0,and the ratio of D/H of five homes is between 1.6-1.7.The fa?ade form of the traditional stone building in Tunpu is divided according to the "tri-divide method" in traditional Chinese architecture,and the ratio of shitai base height h1,building body height h2 and roof height h3 is h1:h2:h3-1.00:7.60:2.77.3 Plane morphological features: Tunpu typical traditional stone residential flat form is divided into more open "one" type and L type and more closed triad,courtyard.Based on different surrounding environment,economic conditions,family population composition and living customs and other factors,different types of plane forms will evolve a variety of variants.The courtyard is located in the core position of the residential flat space,the functional space is arranged around the courtyard,bringing a comfortable and pleasant small environment for the traditional residential building,providing the interior space with natural ventilation light,and the corridor,as the gray space between the building and the environment,assumes the role of space transition.4 Structural technical features: Tunpu traditional stone building form and structure adhering to the origin and characteristics of Jianghuai culture,with wood as the internal structure,the use of "wall down the house does not collapse" wear-on column frame,Anshun area for the typical karst landscape,gypsy resources rich,land resources are scarce,Tunpu people are good at using natural stone materials to build houses,mostly stone structure,wood structure,stone structure.(2)Tunpu traditional stone residential transformation strategy summary1 Environmental coordination: adjust the spacing between residential buildings,residential combined with the site design and transformation,in line with the original base form,building echoing the site,make full use of plants to protect residential buildings from wind and light.2 Overall style: the use of the proportion of traditional residential fa?ade to guide the transformation of residential or new residential construction,maintain the proportion of stone residential facades,break the closed facade of residential buildings,and the environment echo,combined with the elements of the building for fa?ade design,the construction of a rich level of fa?ade form.3 Plane form aspect: retain the main plane composition elements of traditional stone houses,functional division of the plane and traffic flow design,insert the viewing space and roof terrace to improve the quality of life,reasonable setting of doors and windows holes,courtyard landscape combined with Jiangnan characteristics for design.4 Construction technology: by optimizing roof construction,roof space,increase roof waterproof,insulation and energy-saving effect.By optimizing the way the wall is constructed and the wall flour brush paint,the insulation effect of the wall is significantly improved and the comfort of the building room is improved.Optimize the construction of the door and window area,enhance air tightness,reduce heat transfer,optimize the material of the door and window frame,improve the insulation performance of the doors and windows.Optimizing the ground structure,we can add moisture-proof layer and insulation material to form insulation ground on the ground floor of stone brick or floor,and improve the ground moisture-proof and insulation performance of the traditional stone houses in Tunpu.