Research Of Fire Prevention And Control And Emergency Plan Of Public Buildings Based On BIM

As the pace of urbanization in our country continues to accelerate,large-scale public buildings are increasingly closely related to people’s lives.Once a fire accident occurs,it will not only cause huge property losses and casualties,but even have an unpredictable impact on the normal operation of the entire society.Traditional building fire research has many problems,such as lack of building material information,complex modeling,and inaccurate building dimensions.The combination of BIM technology and computer numerical simulation technology can maximize the accuracy of fire and evacuation simulation data.To make the research results close to reality is of great help to the construction of emergency management information in our country,and of great significance to the improvement of the fire protection performance of the construction industry.This article first uses literature research,field research,model analysis,and the combination of theory and practice to simulate the fire and evacuation of the Baoshang Bank Commercial Building,and uses BIM technology to establish a three-dimensional architectural model.Then,the architectural BIM model is used with Pyrosim software.Data connection,set fire scenarios and fire simulation parameters according to the actual use of the building and related specifications,and study the temperature field,visibility and CO concentration distribution of each entrance and exit under different fire source locations,different fire source powers and different working modes of fire fighting equipment.Afterwards,the BIM model of the building was connected with Pathfinder software,and the evacuation plan and evacuation simulation parameters were set through on-site investigations and related specifications,researched the laws of safe evacuation in horizontal and vertical directions,optimized fire safety measures,and formulated emergency evacuation plans.Through fire research,it is concluded that when an ordinary fire occurs,before the firefighters arrive at the scene and start fighting,if the mechanical smoke exhaust and sprinkler system can work normally,the fire scene environment will not threaten the safety of personnel;if the mechanical smoke exhaust If there is a failure with the sprinkler system,the fire site environment is not conducive to evacuation;through the optimization of fire-fighting equipment,the mechanical smoke exhaust wind speed is increased to 10m/s and the spray system spraying intensity is increased to 16L/(min·m2),it can satisfy that even if the two have only one job,the fire scene environment will not threaten the safety of personnel.However,when a major fire such as a terrorist attack occurs,even if the fire-fighting equipment is optimized,the on-site environment will cause casualties in a short time.In order to reduce casualties,in-depth research on safe evacuation was carried out,and the following conclusions were drawn:widening the entrance and exit fire doors of each floor to 2200 mm,the evacuation efficiency is the highest;adding the 19 th floor and the roof as refuge floors,according to1～4 in case of fire Evacuate the people on the first floor to the 1st floor,evacuate the people on the 5th to 14 th floors to the 10 th floor,evacuate the people on the 15 th to 23 rd floors to the 19 th floor,and evacuate the people on the 24 th to 27 th floors to the roof.To reduce casualties.Finally,based on the research results of fire simulation and evacuation simulation,relevant optimization measures and suggestions were put forward from the aspects of "daily evacuation education","fire safety measures" and "emergency evacuation plan" in view of existing safety hazards.