| The three mushroom clouds in 1945 not only heralded the end of World War II,but also marked the major achievements of mankind in the field of nuclear physics.However,the United States is trying to dominate the world by virtue of its nuclear monopoly.In order to break the nuclear monopoly of the United States,the Soviet Union launched its nuclear program in 1945.However,the Soviet Union was faced with three difficulties at that time.First,the domestic economy was affected by the war,and the supply of materials was difficult.Second,the Soviet Union was a "depleted uranium country",and its domestic uranium resources could not support a huge nuclear program;Third,the conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union gradually intensified.Britain and the United States banned the export of nuclear materials to the Soviet Union in order to ensure their nuclear monopoly.At this time,the Soviet Union discovered a large number of uranium resources in eastern Germany(the Soviet-occupied area),and subsequently established a fully functional uranium beneficiation system.This article mainly studies the process of the Soviet Union’s uranium exploration,development and organization in Germany from 1945 to1953,and explores the status and role of German nuclear materials in the development of Soviet nuclear weapons.This article includes three parts: introduction,body and conclusion.Chapter 1 is the introduction,explaining the research significance of this topic,briefly reviewing the current research status at home and abroad,and narrating the research methods,innovations and deficiencies of the article.Chapters 2,3,4,and 5 are the main text.Among them,Chapter 2 analyzes the factors that led to the launch of the Soviet nuclear program,sorted out the emergence of the Soviet nuclear material problem and the preliminary exploration process,and introduced the US-Soviet competition for German nuclear materials and nuclear facilities in 1945,and the Soviet Union’s The first batch of nuclear materials harvested in Germany.Chapter 3 describes the Soviet Union’s early exploration and small-scale mining process in Germany.In this chapter,the author first explains the Soviet experts’ overthrowing of the German experts’ view of the Saxon “no-uranium theory”,and then sorts out the evolution and inheritance process of the four Soviet institutions in Germany.Finally,according to the structure and tasks of these four institutions Analyze the difference between the above and its nature and its relationship with the "vertical management system" of the nuclear program.Chapter 4 studies the establishment process and internal organizational structure of the "Wismut" company.This chapter explains the process and organization of the establishment of the "Wismut" company,as well as the relevant departments and mechanisms of the production area and living area.Chapter 5 studies the supporting measures taken by the Soviet government to develop and operate German nuclear materials from 1945 to 1953.This chapter studies the deployment measures of materials and labor force during this period,as well as the related policies of safety and security.The last part is the conclusion.In this part,the author first discusses the role and status of German nuclear materials in the Soviet nuclear program.Secondly,it analyzes the experience of nuclear material mining that the Soviet Union has explored in the process.Finally,use the data of Western scholars to see the harm caused by the development and construction of nuclear materials to the health of employees.In short,in the context of the Soviet nuclear program,Germany was born with the world’s third largest uranium mine.Because of this,the Soviet Union quickly broke the U.S.nuclear monopoly and upgraded its military power,thereby reaching a "nuclear balance" with the U.S.and ensuring relative peace between the two countries.It is worth mentioning that the current "Wismut" company has become a well-known company in Europe for pollution control and continues to contribute its own strength to mankind. |
