| Tomb stone carvings are also called "stone statues".As one of the main components of tombs,stone statues not only have historical value,but also have more artistic value in the eyes of contemporary researchers.At present,the surviving stone statues have caused various diseases due to natural erosion and man-made destruction.Among them,the tilt of the stone statues is one of the most important diseases affecting its overall stability.This paper takes the stone statues of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial mausoleum as the research object.Aiming at the characteristics of the stone statues low weight and small building area,combined with the serious weathering and inclination of the stone statues at present,and the defects of the traditional round soil digging holes,an elliptical soil digging is proposed,Adopting the method of combining numerical simulation and experiment to carry out the research of elliptical excavation and tilt correction of stone statues,and provide theoretical support for the design of the tilt correction project of the stone statues of the Northern Song Dynasty.The main results are as follows:(1)Aiming at the structural characteristics of the stone statues and the defects of the traditional circular soil excavation holes,an elliptical soil excavation correction method is proposed.Based on the principle of complex variable function,the stress around the hole of the elliptical digging hole under the upper load is calculated,and the influence of the ratio of the length and the minor axis of the elliptical digging hole on the stability of the elliptical digging hole is analyzed.The results show that:with the increase of the ratio of the long and short axis of the elliptical digging hole,the digging hole spans from a stable state to an unstable state.Therefore,when the upper load is small,the elliptical soil excavation correction method is adopted,and the soil of the foundation is more likely to be compressed and deformed,causing the settlement of the soil side foundation.(2)Finite element software is used to analyze height ratio(1.25,1.5,1.75,2,2.25,2.5),depth of hole(200mm,300mm,400mm,500mm)and spacing of holes(180mm,200mm,220mm,240mm,260mm,280mm)on the effect of rectification of stone statues.Calculations proves that:When the depth of the digging hole,the spacing of the holes and the depth of the hole remain unchanged,the settlement difference between the digging side and the non-digging side increases with the increase of the span-to-height ratio of the digging hole;When the span-to-height ratio,hole spacing and hole depth of the digging hole remain unchanged,the shallower the burial depth of the digging hole,the greater the settlement difference between the digging side and the non-digging side;When the span-to-height ratio,buried depth and depth of the digging holes remain unchanged,the settlement difference between the digging side and the non-digging side decreases with the increase of the hole spacing.(3)According to the model test of elliptical excavation and tilt correction of the stone statue:The settlement of the superstructure mainly occurs within 4-5 hours after the soil is excavated,and then enters a slow growth stage,and finally gradually stabilizes.During the test,the failure of the excavation hole belongs to plastic failure.The failure of the excavation hole is first partially damaged from both sides of the hole,and the upper part of the hole is destroyed immediately,and the edge of the upper structure is destroyed first.(4)According to the analysis of the results of the elliptical excavation and tilt correction test of the stone statues,the military officer of the Yongchangling Mausoleum adopts a design scheme with a hole depth of 300mm,a hole spacing of 250mm,and an oval excavation hole with short axis b=80mm and long axis a=160mm,which can achieve the design.The amount of forced landing,and the entire process of digging the soil to correct the tilt is controllable,fast and accurate. |
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