In The Study Of Literati Gardens In Ming And Qing Dynasties From The Perspective Of Berleant’s Aesthetics Of Engagement

The garden occupies an important position in the Ming and Qing literati’s life theory.The literati hide in the garden and entertain in the garden.The small garden has become a typical place where the literati entrusts his life ideals.The literati in the Ming and Qing dynasties were keen to build gardens and used the "world in a pot" to create an aesthetic life.In the process of pursuing self-discipline,modern aesthetics research and art research advocated aesthetic non-interest and aesthetic contemplation,and advocated the independence of art.This purifies aesthetic activities and enhances the taste of art,but also brings many problems,such as artificial split The intrinsic relationship between aesthetics and life,art and life.In response,many aestheticians have proposed amendments.Aesthetics of Engagement was proposed by Arnold Berleant in the face of the embarrassment and limitation of the western traditional aesthetic theory in explaining modern art.He emphasized aesthetic engagement in both art and environment.Based on the special form of Chinese classical gardens--artistic environment,it is a new perspective for the study of garden aesthetics to analyze the literati gardens in the Ming and Qing dynasties by referring to the main concepts of Berleant’s Aesthetics of Engagement,such as continuity,perceptual integration and aesthetic embodiment.The "continuity" of the literati gardens in the Ming and Qing dynasties was first reflected in the Ming and Qing literati’s aesthetic attitude of "continuity" in art and life.which benefited from the social and cultural environment of the time.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the literati’s artistic cultivation became more sophisticated and penetrated into all aspects of life.At the same time,the rich material life also provided the conditions for the literati to transcend the simple and practical life to elegant and exquisite.In the world of literati life,art and life blend together organically.Garden is the carrier of art and life.Gardens and buildings are both places of daily life and important forms of art.Literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties viewed life from an artistic perspective and aestheticized their daily lives,a series of aesthetic practices on gardens are carried out.These aesthetic practices make the garden as a living place a poetic space.The "continuity" of the literati gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is alsoreflected in the use of gardens to connect architecture,painting,poetry,opera,music and other art categories,making the garden a "comprehensive art".The literati gardens of the Ming and Qing dynasties created visual aesthetics by the beauty of their internal forms and external borrowing scene.The sound of nature and the voice of man-made create an auditory aesthetic.By the garden path,winding Bridges and so on to create a sense of aesthetic touch.By natural incense and artificial incense to create the sense of aesthetic smell.The garden food creates the sense of aesthetic taste.The literati gardens of the Ming and Qing dynasties created an aesthetic environment through the integration of multiple perceptions.In the history of Western aesthetics,aesthetic perception is often limited to vision and hearing.Berleant believes that traditional aesthetic sensory theory is difficult to deal with the practice of modern art and environmental aesthetics.He advocates breaking the traditional aesthetic meditation and mobilizing all-round sensory experience.Tactile sense,smell sense and taste sense excluded from the aesthetic sensory system are included in the aesthetic field."Perceptual integration" is an important way for Berleant to promote aesthetic engagement.On the one hand,the literati in the Ming and Qing Dynasties continued the spiritual space of wandering poetry and prose,while also attaching importance to the joy of the body.The garden provides a place for the body and settles the spirit.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,the literati gardens provided aesthetic places and the active engagement of literati shaped the literati’s aesthetic "embodiment".This kind of aesthetic "embodiment" is manifested in nature and culture.Natural "embodiment" is that the literati in Ming and Qing dynasties brought the experience of the natural environment of the garden into the shaping of the body,so that the literati can form the feeling of the garden home and the sacred sense.At the same time,under the background of the idea of "harmony between man and nature" and the prosperity of leisure culture,the cultural "embodiment" of literati was formed through the literati gardens in Ming and Qing dynasties.Modern aesthetics rediscovered the body,The body is the basis of Berleant’s aesthetics of engagement.Berleant’s emphasis on aesthetics of engagement means aesthetic engagement.The key to breaking aesthetic distance is the active engagement of the body.