On "Borrowing Landscape" In Gardens In Ming And Qing Dynasties

Chinese classical gardens have a long history.During this period,they have formed their own unique gardening characteristics and stand in the forest of World Gardening system.With the continuous change and development of the political,economic and cultural forms of Chinese society,Chinese classical gardens present unique characteristics in different stages,but they are progressing steadily in general and have a good momentum,which affects the development of Asian gardens and even world gardens,and occupies an important position in the World Gardening system.The development of Chinese classical gardens originated in Shang and Zhou Dynasties,developed in Qin and Han Dynasties,changed in Wei and Jin Dynasties,flourished in Sui and Tang Dynasties,matured in Song and Yuan Dynasties,and flourished in Ming and Qing Dynasties.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the development of gardens was flourishing.Royal gardens,private gardens and temple gardens were flourishing.Regardless of the scale,quantity and aesthetic taste of gardens,the development of gardens in Ming and Qing dynasties reached a peak in history and became a spectacular sight."Borrowing scenery" creates aesthetic artistic conception through the construction of garden space.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the use of "borrowing scenery" in gardens was the most mature and reached its peak.This paper analyses the development process of landscape borrowing from a historical perspective,the material basis of landscape borrowing from a sociological perspective and the internal driving force of its formation and development,and then explores the characteristics of its techniques from the perspective of Chinese cultural background.Firstly,"borrowing scenery" as an important technique in gardens,its emergence can not be separated from the material background and theoretical background.In gardens,the material background is embodied in: as the material support of gardens;the theoretical background is embodied in the unity of man-made and nature,limited and infinite,which is the embodiment of philosophy and aesthetics.Secondly,it mainly analyses the application of "borrowing scenery" techniques in gardens in Ming and Qing Dynasties from the perspective of design art.This paper analyses the unique features of the design techniques and summarizes the basic paradigms of borrowing scenery in the Ming and Qing Dynasties based on the application of borrowing scenery in the major gardens of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,which are divided into dynamic borrowing and static borrowing,virtual borrowing and real borrowing,space borrowing and time borrowing.Finally,the aesthetic analysis is emphasized.Under the guidance of aesthetics,the technique and phenomenon of "borrowing scenery" in gardens of Ming and Qing dynasties are analyzed from the aesthetic point of view,and the aesthetic value,significance and characteristics of "borrowing scenery" are explored from the aesthetic point of view.To refine and summarize the aesthetic function of "borrowing scenery" : the extension of aesthetic horizon,the promotion of aesthetic emotion and the creation of aesthetic artistic conception.