Marx And Engels’ Thought On Ecological Crisis And Its Implications For The Construction Of Ecological Civilization In China

In the past,political,economic,and social critiques were regarded as the three main aspects of Marx and Engels’ critique of capitalist society.At a time when global ecological problems are spreading,people are beginning to pay attention to the ecological critique of capitalism by Marx and Engels,which had been neglected,and to explore the ideas of ecological crisis revealed in the process of their critique in other aspects.Marx and Engels’ critique of capitalism is holistic,and this holism is also manifested in the fact that Marx and Engels’ idea of ecological crisis inherently contains the holistic connection between nature,man and society.Marx emphasized the anti-ecological nature of capitalist society from the perspective of social history,abandoning the capitalist mode of production,which manifests itself in alienated labor and private property,and developing production with united and socialized people,ultimately realizing a rational material transformation between man and nature.The "three forces of nature",which Engels described in his dialectical critique of capitalist society,also inherently implies the unity and unity of nature,man and society.On the one hand,the relationship between man and nature derives from the relationship between man and man,and the first precondition for the emergence of human history is the existence of a living human being,and nature is the precondition for the existence of man.On the other hand,with the continuous development of human society,the relationship between man and nature is increasingly dominated and governed by the relationship between man and man.By gradually adapting and transforming nature,human beings have created human society in their own labor practices and gradually become independent from nature,even daring to stand in opposition to nature and challenge it.Compared with the relationship between human beings,the relationship between human beings and nature has become more and more subordinate.Finally,the contradiction between man and nature in capitalist society is inevitably expressed through the contradiction between man and nature.Marx and Engels’ idea of ecological crisis is a holistic idea of ecological crisis,not only focusing on the relationship between man and nature or man and society,but grasping the whole of nature-man-society,the core of which is the relationship between man and man.The core of which is the relationship between human beings.Taking practice as a guide,Marx’s holistic view of ecology has a transition from "nature-human-society" to "society-human-nature".--The logical line of relationship from "nature-man-society" to "society-man-nature".To solve the ecological crisis,it is necessary not only to correctly understand the laws of nature,but also,and more importantly,to recognize the social relations and modes of production formed by people in their labor practices,and to change the unreasonable social modes of production and the social system behind them.To examine the relationship between human beings and nature in the context of dialectical and historical materialist theory,and to correctly deal with the ecological crisis of the present society with Marxist positions,views and methods,we should start from nature as the basis for the emergence and development of human beings,and move toward the center of the social relationship between human beings and human beings,that is,to focus the discussion on human beings and society,and then gradually move toward nature.We should not only look at the cross-section of ecological problems,but also consider the specific manifestations of the relationship between man and nature in the context of specific historical situations,and put ecological problems in a holistic and global perspective.Combined with the ecological theory and practice in the history of socialist construction in China,the further sorting out of Marx and Engels’ ecological crisis ideas is not only a requirement for the theoretical progress of the modernization of Marxism,but also a need for the realistic promotion of ecological construction in China.