Exploring The Synergetic Control Of Carbon Dioxide And Sulfur Dioxide Emissions In China From Supply Chain And Network Feature Perspectives

With the rapid economic development and the continuous upgrading of social activities,China is faced with the dual challenges of tackling climate change and improving air quality.To accomplish both the National Determined Contributions（NDC）and air quality improvement targets,mitigation of climate change and air pollution should be considered collectively.Previous studies have confirmed the correlation and co-benefits between greenhouse gases and air pollutants.However,in order to achieve the synergetic control of emissions more effectively and accurately,it is of great significance to seek a systematic control path.Considering the intensification of controlling air pollution and climate change during 2010-2015,targeting carbon dioxide（CO₂）and sulfur dioxide（SO₂）emissions in China,this study develops four emission networks（2010-CO₂,2015-CO₂,2010-SO₂and 2015-SO₂）wherein emission flows among economic sectors are explicitly delineated to identify the intersectoral linkages of emissions by fusing Input-Output Analysis with Ecological Network Analysis.Using Structural Path Analysis,the key sectors in 2010 and 2015 in China,as well as the shared supply chains with greater emissions are extracted.The Structural Decomposition Analysis method are used to analyze the contribution of socioeconomic driving factors to the changes in CO₂ and SO₂ emissions from the whole and sub-sector perspectives.The results show that:（1）in terms of emission network features,some critical sectors have much greater control or dependence,and the degree of that would change over time.From the control perspective,most sectors have control over Transportation Equipment,Electronic and Telecommunications Equipment,especially Construction.From the dependence perspective,almost all sectors have a high degree of dependence on Production and Supply of Electric Power and Heat Power in which network.（2）All four types of relationships exist in the four networks,including exploiting,exploited,mutualism and competition,in which the exploitative relationships（including exploiting and exploited）are predominant with a proportion of larger than 60%.Most mutualism relationships are related to Petroleum Processing and Coking,followed by Mining of fossil energy.Most competition relationships are related to Non-metal Mineral Products and Construction in 2010,while to Processing of Timbers and Manufacture of furniture in 2015.Mining of Nonmetal Ores and production,Production and Supply of Electric Power and Heat Power are the main exploiters,while Non-metal Mineral Products,Smelting and Rolling of Metals,Services are the main contributors.（3）As for the final demand-driven emissions in both 2010 and 2015,total capital formation is the most significant cause driving CO₂ and SO₂ emissions,followed by export and urban household consumption.（4）There are eight shared supply chains among the top 20 in both 2010 and 2015 for CO₂and SO₂ emissions.The one with the largest emissions is"Non-metal Mineral Products→Construction→total capital formation",followed by"Smelting and Rolling of Metals→Construction→total capital formation".Total capital formation is associated with the supply chain with the largest induced emissions,followed by exports.（5）Observed from either the whole or sub-sector decomposition results,changes in emission intensity and per capita final demand induce the most significant changes in emissions prohibitively and promotively.Population growth increases emissions,while the other three drivers do not have consistent effects on CO₂and SO₂ emissions and induce relatively lesser changes.This study explores the intersectoral linkages and supply relationships of CO₂ and SO₂ emissions,identifies the critical socioeconomic drivers,and illustrates the evolution of supply chain and network features alongside reinforced emission control.This study can help provide scientific insights for synergetic control of CO₂ and SO₂emissions from the perspective of both intersectoral linkages and socioeconomic drivers,and more pertinently strategize on how carbon and air pollutant flows can be concertedly managed in response to socioeconomic dynamics.