| Hulan River as an important medium-sized river in Heilongjiang originates from Luchui Mountain,mainly goes through Yichun、Suihua、Harbin,and flows into the Songhua River in Zhangjiadian.There are many industrial enterprises on the bank of Hulan River in Suihua Area,and the sewage from sewage treatment plants in cities and towns is directly discharged into Hulan River Basin.Besides,the domestic sewage from rural area and the pollutants from farmland runoff are discharged into it.The water environment quality of surface water body in this area meeting the requirements in functional zone will greatly influence the economic development in river basin and the living quality of residents.The water quality monitoring data of four state-controlled sections in Suihua Section of Hulan River in 2016-2019 are collected in this subject to analyze the water quality information of reaching standards and the temporal and spatial variation trend.The current situation of water environment in the Suihua Section of Hulan River is surveyed and evaluated in single water quality pollution index method.The results indicate that the total water quality index reaches standards basically.The water quality on each monitoring section completely reached standards in 2016,but the total nitrogen content in four upstream and downstream monitoring points exceeded standards with different degrees in 2017-2019.The total nitrogen has the following two features in the spatial and temporal distribution;The total nitrogen content decreased at first and then increased from the upstream to the downstream in 2017-2018,while the total nitrogen content decreased from the upstream to the downstream in 2019,so,the water quality improves certainly in the spatial scale;Each section has different variation trends over time,the total nitrogen content of three other sections(except for the Suiwang Bridge Section)in 2019 is higher than that in water body in 2017,so the water quality deteriorates in the temporal scale.In order to reduce the water pollution from sources and increase the available water resources,primary pollution sources of water resources in river basin are surveyed and known about in a targeted manner and the discharge of pollutants is reduced from the source.The results indicate that main pollutants in Suihua Section of Hulan River are COD,the equivalent standard pollution load ratio of COD,total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen reaches 51.49%,25.39% and 19.11%,respectively.The pollutant sources of Hulan River include the point source pollutant sources--industrial wastewater and domestic sewage,surface source pollutant sources--rural life pollutant sources,and rural farmland plantation pollutant sources,in which the rural surface source pollution has a great influence on the water quality of river basin,and the equivalent standard pollution load of rural life pollutant sources and rural farmland plantation pollutant sources reaches51.02% and 15.05%,respectively.Based on the above relevant survey research on the environmental quality in Suihua Section of Hulan River and the management requirements of river and lake governance in river chief system,different detailed water resource protection measures are implemented in 7 counties in Suihua Section which Hulan River goes through from the perspective of the overall control of water resources,control of water functional zone and control of pollution discharge outlets of rivers.The environmental issues existing in this section are identified by collecting and sorting out the monitoring data of Suihua Section of Hulan River in recent years and evaluating them in standard index method,and then the countermeasures and suggestions of water environment quality are proposed.The research results will provide beneficial reference for the evaluation of environmental quality of surface water body in China and the improvement of water quality. |
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