Research On Field Environment Information Monitoring System Based On WSN And Beidou Short Message

In recent years,with the increasing emphasis on the environmental protection,the importance of wilderness environmental monitoring has also become more prominent.The feature of wilderness environmental monitoring is that there are many scattered monitoring points.At present,most monitoring activities use various wired sensors.However,the infrastructure construction is uncompleted in some areas.Wired or wireless communication networks are not covered yet,such as remote plateaus,islands,reefs,and deserts.Transmitting the monitoring data reliably and effectively in the wilderness has become an urgent problem.In response to the above problems,this thesis designs and implements a wilderness environmental information monitoring system based on the wireless sensor network(WSN)technology and Beidou short message communication technology.Meanwhile WSN nodes used for monitoring often encounter some problems such as excessive and unbalanced energy consumption due to equipment resources and deployment environment,which lead to the premature death of WSN in the wilderness.In order to solve these problems,this thesis deeply analyzes the WSN routing protocol about energy consumption optimization,and proposes the LEACH-RED on the basis of LEACH,a typical cluster routing protocol.The main content and innovations of the thesis are as follows:1.Based on the Internet of Things(Io T)technology and Beidou short message technology,a wilderness environmental information monitoring system has been established.The system is divided into two parts: WSN local data acquisition subsystem and remote data transmission subsystem.They achieve the transparent transmission of data through the gateway.The WSN local data acquisition subsystem arranging a large number of perception nodes based on the CC2530 chip forms a self-organizing network through the Zig Bee protocol in the monitoring area.It completes the local collection and upload of environmental parameter data in the area,and meets the needs of field monitoring application.The remote transmission subsystem is responsible for transmitting local data to the user’s terminals,and using the Beidou short message transmitter to send the WSN data to the Beidou short message receiver to meet the demands of data transmission across geographic locations in the wilderness.In addition,through the redundant design,the gateway can also carry out network transmission based on the MQTT to transmit local data to the cloud server in monitoring areas covered by broadband networks.This kind of design adapting to complex and diverse application scenarios is convenient for monitors to obtain remote monitoring data in real-time.2.Aiming at the features of field environment information monitoring,the LEACHRED routing algorithm is proposed based on the LEACH,an energy loss optimization routing protocol.And its performance is verified by simulation in different scenarios.After detailed analysis of the key points and shortcomings of the LEACH,the LEACHRED is proposed.In the initialization,the current relative remaining energy and the distribution density of the network nodes in the field environment are considered.Combined with the strategy of network nodes’ deployment,the network model is converted from the homogeneous network to the heterogeneous network.In addition,environment is transformed from a flat space to a three-dimensional space.The results are verified by the MATLAB.It can be seen from the comparison that in scenarios where nodes are evenly distributed and non-uniformly distributed,the residual energy of the improved algorithm is 15% and 11% higher than that of the original algorithm,and the survival status of network nodes is increased by 250% and 450% respectively.Therefore,the LEACH-RED can effectively balance the network energy and extend the network’s lifetime.3.The debugging and experiments of the field environment monitoring system are completed.The basic functions of WSN nodes and gateway nodes are effectively verified by receiving environmental temperature and humidity parameters on PC,Web,and mobile applications.Then this system can provide the real-time data for the monitoring center.Meanwhile the system’s packet loss rate is tested in the wilderness.The results show that the system can achieve reliable information transmission in the wilderness.