Sensing Analysis Method Based On BSA Molecular Modification And Its Application In Metal Ion Detection

The abnormal concentration of metal ions poses a threat to both the environment and human health,and metal ions detection has become an increasingly important topic.Although commonly used methods such as atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry have provided accurate measurements of metal ions,intensive technical training,the inconvenience,inflexibility for use in on-site analysis,and expensive of these methods impede their use.In addition,the traditional “lock and key” principles in sensor design mainly require receptors with high specificity to a single analyte seldom allowing the detection of diverse metal ions or the identification of complex samples containing mixtures of metal ions.Therefore,it is essential to develop a convenient analysis strategy to the detection and quantification of multiple metal ion.Inspired by mammalian olfactory and gustatory systems,the "chemical tongue" strategy,which use a series of cross-reactive sensors instead of specific probes,hold promise to address the issue due to their simple fabrication,flexibility,convenient data collection and analysis.In this method,multiple cross-reactive indicators will react with different analytes through different interactions,and every target will generate a corresponding response pattern like fingerprint that can be used for statistical analysis to identify the targets.The optical nose especially the fluorescence and colorimetric sensor array has been gaining considerable attention and has been extensively utilized in metal ions identification due to its high sensitivity and strong discriminative power.But the sensing arrays based on a group of optical probes still suffer from complex synthesis and high cost.Therefore,it is urgent to search for an easy-to-fabricate units to develop a simple optical sensor array for metal ions identification.As the desirable luminescent materials in sensing,bovine serum albumin(BSA)have drawn significant attention owing to unique optical property,and the inherent biocompatibility in recent years.However,the design and preparation of BSA-based “chemical tongue” sensor array on sensing complex metal ions have not been reported.Given the above research background,the project will focus on BSA-based“chemical tongue” sensor array for the analysis of various analytes to address these scientific obstacles.We planned to build a novel intelligent “chemical tongue” sensors based on the existing work by combining bovine serum album with sensor array,pattern recognition and other technologies.Sensing arrays are applied in pattern recognition and detection analysis of multiple substances(metal ions and rare earth metal ions)in biological fluids and complex water samples.In addition,those new detection methods based on the BSA based “chemical tongue” sensor array have potential to realize the detection of related diseases(including neurodegenerative diseases and reproductive disease)and have the important clinical application like early diagnosis and pathological mechanism research.This paper is divided into four sections,as follows:Chapter 1 IntroductionWe will first outline briefly the pattern recognition principles of array sensors,the fabrication of the cross-reactive elements,and the multivariate statistical techniques for the data analysis.Then the significance and main content of the research in this thesis is explained.Chapter 2 Fluorescent pattern recognition of metal ions by nanoparticles of bovine serum albumin as chemical nose/tongueIn this chapter,we use three different concentrations of BSA(10 mg/m L,20mg/m L and 40 mg/m L)to control and synthesize a set of different BSA bionanoparticles.Depend on the three different BSA nanoparticles,a smart "chemical tongue" fluorescent sensor array is constructed,which realizes the pattern recognition and analysis of metal ions in biological fluids and distinguishes multiple metal ions in biological fluids.By combining the principal component analysis method,this method only uses three probes(BSANs10,BSANs20 and BSANs40)to successfully achieve efficiently and sensitively detection of 18 metal ions.The probe is ingeniously designed and has good analytical performance.Finally,it was successfully applied to the detection of mixed metal ions in complex biological samples.Chapter 3 Multivariate Pattern BSA-AuNPs Sensor array Regulated by pH as Colorimetric Chemical Tongue Toward Metal Ions Identification.In this chapter,we use the interaction of bovine serum albumin(BSA)and nanoparticles(AuNPs)to design protein-nanogold complexes(BSA-AuNPs),and construct a new type of colorimetric sensor by adjusting pH.The array can realize the pattern recognition and analysis of rare earth metal ions in biological fluids.The optical properties of BSA-AuNPs are adjusted by three pH values(pH 7.0,7.5 and 8.0)to form a sensor array,which can detect and distinguish 14 kinds of rare earth metal ions,and the identification and analysis of the same metal ion with different concentrations and different metal ion mixed samples.In addition,with the designed sensor array,we can realize the detection of rare earth metal ions in biological fluids,verifying its practical application.The BSA-AuNPs fluorescent sensor array is simple to synthesize and easy to operate,which provides a new idea for the design of timeresolved sensors based on protein/rare earth interaction.Chapter 4 Summary and OutlookFinally,we will make the conclusion and offer some insights on future directions for BSA-based sensor arrays.