| Due to their environmental vulnerability and ecological sensitivity,the urbanization development of Southwestern cities has been at a low level.At the same time,in the process of urbanization,problems such as extensive economic development,low resource utilization efficiency,and insufficient innovation capabilities have further damaged the environment.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the ecological security pattern and to evaluate the ecological problems and protect the environment in the process of urbanization in Southwest China.Through the gradual determination of ecological issues,it is possible to explore the balance between urbanization and ecological security,make the two complement each other,and jointly promote the sustainability of urbanization and the harmony and livability of the environment.This paper uses statistical yearbooks,remote sensing and other multi-source data,based on the spatial analysis function of Arc GIS Pro,and takes Zhaotong City,Yunnan Province as the research object,constructs a water security and ecological security evaluation system,and calculates the ecological security pattern and land use conflicts of Zhaotong City in 2020.And evaluate the sustainable development of Zhaotong City based on the ecological security pattern.the result shows:(1)The land use of Zhaotong City is dominated by forest,cultivated field and grassland.From 2000 to 2010,the degradation of forest was serious,the area of cultivated field decreased,and the construction land increased slowly.From 2010 to2020,the degradation of forest land in Zhaotong City has been curbed,the area of cultivated field has been decreasing slowly,the speed of urbanization has accelerated,and construction land has doubled.Although the vegetation has recovered,Zhaotong City’s forest coverage rate is low,and there are more cultivated land with slopes above25°,which may cause soil erosion.Among them,Qiaojia County and Ludian County of Zhaotong City have low vegetation coverage,with 33.05%and 43.61%of low vegetation coverage areas respectively.The overall vegetation coverage of Zhaotong in2020 is lower than in previous years,which may be caused by drought in Yunnan.(2)The economic development level of Zhaotong City is improving year by year,but there are many problems at the same time:low urbanization level,low investment efficiency,insufficient economic vitality,insufficient attention to external development,weak innovation ability,and the proportion of tertiary industry is lower,and greater reliance on primary and secondary industries.Non-point source pollution caused by agriculture is an important issue that restricts the environment of Zhaotong City.About54.02%of the river sections in Zhaotong City have non-point source pollution risks,of which 88.83%are at low risk levels.(3)About 66%of the land in Zhaotong City is of high importance for water conservation,57%of the land is of high importance for water and soil conservation,56.94%of the land is highly sensitive to soil erosion,and 55.54%of the land is sensitive to desertification Therefore,Zhaotong City is not only an ecological barrier in southwest China,but also has such a high degree of ecological sensitivity that restricts economic development.There is a strong conflict between land use and ecological security pattern in Zhaotong City.The conflict between cultivated field and construction land is about 50%.Intensive use of construction land,strengthen cultivated field transformation,improve the quality of cultivated field,and increase the output rate of cultivated land should be improved.(4)The ecological safety pattern of Zhaotong City has a suitable area for planting industry of about 7368.74 km~2,and an area of 3502.48 km~2 for urban construction;a suitable area for planting industry of a medium ecological safety pattern is about3710.93 km~2,and an area suitable for urban construction is 1770.31 km~2,the bottom-line ecological security pattern can meet the needs of 6554.36 km~2 of permanent basic farmland,and there are about 1853.10 km~2 of potential arable land suitable for development.Besides,the ecological security pattern can meet the needs of urban expansion,and there are about 1,632.82 km~2suitable areas for construction land available for development. |
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