| With the continuous development of society,the contradiction between human activities and the ecological environment has become increasingly prominent,which has induced a series of ecological and environmental problems of varying degrees.It is particularly important to coordinate the relationship between human economic activities and the natural environment to achieve sustainable development.In this context,the assessment of ecological vulnerability has become a scientific basis for regional ecological environmental governance and improvement.This paper takes Shanghang County,Fujian Province as the research area,and uses landsat TM data,topography data,soil data,meteorological data and statistical yearbook data to build the ecological vulnerability of Shanghang County based on the "exposure-sensitivity-adaptability" model.Evaluation index system;analyzed the ecological fragility status,temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the study area in 2009,2013,and 2019,and the ecological fragility characteristics of different towns and different land uses.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The analysis of exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability in the study area shows that in terms of spatial distribution,exposure and sensitivity are mainly in the southwest of Shanghang County,gradually decreasing to the northeast,and adaptability is decreasing from the northwest to the southeast.Exposure and sensitivity and adaptability were both in the fastest rising stage in 2009-2013;the rising trend of exposure was slow from 2013 to 2019,the sensitivity index increased by 0.47,and the vulnerability of the adaptability index decreased.(2)Through the evaluation of the ecological vulnerability of Shanghang County in each study period,it is shown that the ecological vulnerability index of Shanghang County in 2009,2013,and 2019 is between 1.623-9.823,and the average value of the ecological vulnerability index is 3.94,6.33,5.61.In 2009,Shanghang County had the lowest ecological fragility.In 2013,the ecological fragility increased significantly,and in 2019 it decreased slowly compared with 2013.The overall ecological fragility of Shanghang County is on the rise,and the spatial distribution shows a pattern of "high in the middle-low in the surrounding area".From the perspective of the distribution of ecological fragility grades in Shanghang County,in 2009,there were mainly mild fragility(27.83%)and severe fragility(25.53%);the ecological fragility increased in 2013,mainly with moderate fragility(27.89%)and severe fragility.Mainly fragile(27.19%);2019 is also mainly moderately fragile(25%)and severely fragile(25.6%),but the ecological fragility is slightly alleviated compared to 2013.(3)The temporal and spatial evolution of ecological fragility in Shanghang County shows that the ecological fragility grade of Shanghang County from 2009 to 2013 mainly changed from mildly fragile and severely fragile to moderately fragile and extremely fragile;from 2013 to 2019,the ecological fragility was alleviated to a moderate degree.The fragile and severely fragile areas have partially turned to slightly fragile and slightly fragile;from 2009 to 2019,the slightly fragile and lightly fragile areas have turned into moderately fragile and severely fragile areas.The whole research period still showed a trend of "slight to moderate evolution and moderate to severe evolution".(4)An analysis of the ecological vulnerability of different townships in the study area from 2009 to 2019 found that most townships in Shanghang County had an upward trend in their ecological vulnerability levels from 2009 to 2013,and the proportion of extremely vulnerable areas reached the maximum.In 2019,some townships had A trend from extreme fragility to slight fragility.(5)The analysis of the ecological vulnerability of different land use types in the study area in 2009,2013,and 2019 found that the ecological vulnerability of cultivated land,construction land,and woodland has always been high from 2009 to 2013,and the vulnerability levels of shrubs,gardens,bare land,and water bodies are all present.Increasing trend:The vulnerability of cultivated land increased from 2013 to 2019,and the vulnerability of woodland and bare land has eased.The vulnerability of other land use types has not changed much.(6)The analysis of the driving factors of ecological vulnerability in the study area found that the soil type,fiscal revenue,and the output value of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery have the highest contribution rate among the first three principal components.Therefore,we should deal with Shanghang County.Take protective measures against environmental problems.The principle of priority to ecological function,the principle of adapting measures to local conditions,and the principle of sustainable development should be followed in ecological environmental protection.①.Strengthen macroeconomic regulation,local governments actively guide,grasp the strategy of "village revitalization",comprehensively consider the direction and goals of county development,guide urban planning and construction in a scientific and reasonable direction,at the same time strengthen the promotion of the importance of the ecological environment,and improve the ecological compensation mechanism.Strengthen access management and bottom line constraints,so that man and nature are in a harmonious coexistence state.②.The top-level design of construction land should be done to make the best use of the situation,follow the traditional texture and pattern of Shanghang County,and clarify the scale of land use and management and control requirements;for cultivated land,shrubs,gardens,and woodlands,the red line of ecological protection and the boundary of permanent basic farmland should be strictly controlled.,Reasonably plan the areas suitable for breeding,restricted breeding,and forbidden breeding;the bare land should be monitored in time using 3 s technology,and reclaim or restore greens according to local conditions.③.For villages and towns with different degrees of vulnerability,management measures should be optimized for development reasonably.For slightly fragile and slightly fragile towns and towns,the overall plan is to develop a variety of agricultural plantings to enhance the development momentum of the towns and towns;the development and construction of moderately fragile towns and towns take into account the interests and needs of local residents,and reduce excessive development of ecological land.The economy develops healthily;the severely fragile and extremely fragile villages and towns have clear management responsibilities,strengthen the guard of professional forest guards and increase subsidies appropriately,check them regularly,and report and deal with hidden problems in time. |
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