Study On The Influence Mechanism Of Human Activities On The Evolution Of Coastal Wetlands Of Bohai Sea In Shandong Province

Coastal wetland is one of the most important resources in coastal areas.It has high ecological and economic value and is of great significance to promote the sustainable development of coastal areas.The rapid economic development in coastal areas,but the traditional economic development model has brought strong human activities to coastal areas,frequent human activities lead to wetland ecosystem degradation and loss of natural resources,and its side effects are increasingly visible.Therefore,it is one of the key tasks to ensure the sustainable development of China’s economy to pay attention to the current situation of coastal wetland resources and restrain the degradation trend of coastal wetland.The encroachment and destruction of wetland resources by human activities is the main way to affect the ecosystem in coastal areas.Since the 1980 s,the encroachment,reclamation and reclamation of natural wetlands have caused serious degradation of coastal wetland resources,and wetland resources are facing severe threats.In recent years,countries have attached great importance to this problem and take countermeasures,such as national wetland survey,planning,wetland reserve and ocean management act,although have certain inhibition but has not obtained remarkable achievement,therefore should increase the intensity of coastal wetland research,in order to balance the economic development of coastal areas and environmental conditions,implement and maintain the balanced and sustainable state,take the sustainable development road.From the perspective of human activities,this paper takes the Bohai coastal area of Shandong Province as an example,interprets the wetland landscape types in the study area based on four periods of remote sensing image data from 1990 to 2019 combined with field investigation,and further explores the evolution characteristics of coastal wetlands under the influence of human activities,the level of human activities and the influence mechanism of the two.Firstly,transfer matrix,landscape index and land use evolution rate model were used to explore the evolution characteristics of coastal wetlands in Shandong Bohai Sea.Secondly,human activity intensity model was used to measure human activity level and analyze its relationship with wetland area change.Finally,the method of using Pearson correlation coefficient and geographical detector respectively on the wetland evolution and the influence of human activity level change mechanism of concrete analysis,found the problem and put forward the corresponding countermeasure,to explore human activity is an effective way for rational utilization of wetland resources,to promote the harmonious development of man and nature has the reference value,in this paper,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Coastal wetlands of Bohai sea in Shandong province areas from 1990 to 2019 in artificial wetland area is greatly increased,the natural wetland area is slightly reduced,total area of the wetland increased slightly,affected by human activities,wetland landscape mainly from natural wetlands off to artificial wetland,artificially to development of tidal flats as salt pans or breeding,human activities on natural wetlands are sustainable development and occupation.From the perspective of landscape pattern,with the increase of the number of patches and the enhancement of landscape fragmentation,spatial connectivity and agglomeration decreased,landscape characteristics became more complex,and heterogeneity became more significant.(2)From 1990 to 2019,the land use evolution rate in the coastal area of Bohai Sea in Shandong province continued to accelerate,increasing from 21.58 to 32.01.Each time the land use evolution speed there are large difference between the space distribution features,general western fast,slow east,west wetland resources is more,a lot of unused is used as industrial and mining land development,and is less,the wetland resources in agricultural land is more,which is given priority to with farm land to construction land occupation.(3)The intensity of human activities has been continuously strengthened,and the average value has increased from 8.48 to 17.07.The intensity of human activity in each city from high to low was Yantai>Weifang>Dongying>Binzhou,Yantai City from 1990 to 2019 urban coastal distribution,human activities have always maintained a high level,the growth rate is slow;In the past 30 years,the construction of industrial enterprises in Weifang has been relatively rapid,which leads to the encroachment and damage of coastal wetlands,which makes Weifang’s human activities increase rapidly and increase the most.The level of human activity in Dongying is relatively stable,but the regional difference is great.Binzhou coastal wetland is relatively weak under the influence of human activities,its level changes are small,only part of the natural wetland has been developed into constructed wetland.In the region with weak human activities,the wetland area is larger,and is continuously transformed to the stronger level by the expansion of salt pans.(4)The correlation analysis results of human activities on wetland evolution showed that human activities had a positive impact on constructed wetland and a negative impact on natural wetland,and the impact degree of constructed wetland was significantly higher than that of natural wetland.The yield of raw salt is the most important factor affecting the wetland area,and the level of economic development also has a great influence on the wetland evolution.The correlation between climate conditions and wetland evolution is weak.In the analysis of the influence mechanism of human activity intensity,the single factor detection results showed that raw salt production and per capita GDP were the main driving forces,and the overall determinants increased first and then decreased.The results of factor interaction detection showed that double factor enhancement was the main interaction type in the study area,and the interaction between raw salt production and various economic development factors was strong.Temperature and rainfall have little influence on wetland evolution and human activity level change,and only have some indirect influence.