| At present,China is in the period of rapid development of population aging,and a large number of elderly care facilities have been built.In order to pursue higher quality of life and reduce family burden,more elderly people begin to choose to live in apartments for the elderly.With the continuous use of apartments for the elderly,fires occur from time to time in apartments for the elderly,especially some heavy and extraordinarily large fires,which lead to a large number of serious consequences of elderly casualties and cause widespread concern in the community.Therefore,to solve the fire safety problems of senior apartments has become the focus of related industry research.Although China has issued relevant laws and regulations to regulate the fire protection design of the senior apartments in recent years,the implementation time is short,and there are still many potential safety hazards.In addition,the existing senior apartments are mostly transformed from other buildings,so the fire problem is more serious.There are great differences in the physical characteristics,psychological characteristics and behavior ability of the elderly.The traditional command fire protection design method can’t fully meet the safety evacuation of the elderly group,and it is easy to cause mass casualties in case of fire.Therefore,the performance-based fire protection design method is particularly important for the design of elderly care facilities such as apartments for the elderly.The performance-based fire protection design designs the building function and the specific characteristics of the users.Through the establishment of fire and evacuation model,the scheme is continuously improved,and finally the building can meet the safety evacuation standard,so as to carry out the construction.In this paper,the performance-based fire protection design for the senior apartments mainly includes the following three parts:First of all,through the investigation of performance-based fire protection design codes at home and abroad,the performance-based fire protection design process in various countries is described.This paper analyzes the factors influencing the safe evacuation of the elderly in the apartments for the elderly in Daqing City,mainly including the fire characteristics of the apartments for the elderly,architectural design factors,the physiological,psychological and evacuation behavior characteristics of the elderly,and the influence of fire combustion products on the safe evacuation of the elderly.Secondly,due to the high cost,difficulty and irreversibility of full-scale fire experiment,this paper uses Pyro Sim fire simulation software to simulate the fire,analyzes the distribution characteristics of fire combustion products in the elderly apartment,and obtains the required safe evacuation time(RSET)of the elderly apartment.Combined with the fire scenes of the apartment for the elderly under different working conditions,the evacuation simulation of different scenes was carried out by using Pathfinder evacuation simulation software from three aspects of staffing,stair width and distribution of different types of elderly people,and the available safe evacuation time(ASET)of the elderly with the help of nursing staff was obtained.Finally,by comparing the required safe evacuation time(RSET)and available safe evacuation time(ASET)to judge the safety status of the elderly on different floors,according to the simulation results,the targeted and feasible suggestions on the allocation of nursing staff,the width of stairway and the distribution of elderly people in the senior apartments were put forward.In this paper,Pyro Sim and Pathfinder software are used to solve the problem of apartment fire in our country,using performance-based fire protection design method,in order to provide reference for fire protection design,staff allocation,emergency plan formulation and rescue of senior apartments,and also provide theoretical basis for fire safety and architectural design of elderly care facilities in our country. |
