| With the parallel development of China’s economy and technology,the number of cars in China has reached 260 million,ranking first in the world.What follows is the contradiction between resources and the environment that we have to pay attention to.It is understood that each complete End-of-life vehicles(ELVs)can be dismantled to about 1,160 kilograms of renewable resources.In order to maximize the utilization of resources,China’s policy is gradually dividing the"recycling and dismantling" and"remanufacturing" enterprises in the related industries of ELVs.However,the standards for dismantling enterprises in China have not been unified.At present,how to maximize the coordination of environmental interests,economic benefits and sustainable stability of scrap car dismantling enterprises is an extremely important step to develop the scrap car dismantling industry in combination with China’s policy development.In this paper,the field operation data of more than 30 ELV dismantling enterprises from various regions in China were collected,which not only took into account the resource energy consumption and pollution emission in the process of dismantling,but also counted the input and output of the plant operation.The existing data were classified according to the directions three kinds of scales,two kinds of technologies and four kinds of depths were summarized statistically.The life-cycle-assessment(LCA)method was used to locate each production unit and evaluate its potential environmental impact.Then we established economic benefit scale and compared economic structure and income composition to evaluate its economy.The emergy evaluation method was used to evaluate its sustainability.Finally,based on the results,the optimization suggestions and development direction of ELVs dismantling enterprises were obtained through comprehensive analysis.The core conclusion are as follows:(1)The results of three different scales showed that MD,GW and FD all had significant changes in the LCA calculation results:The environmental benefits,economic benefits and sustainability of the large-scale of ELVs dismantling enterprises were the best.Small environments bear the greatest burden,mainly from the canteen and staff s power consumption.The environmental burden structure of medium and large scale enterprises was basically the same,and the emergent ESIr index was close to each other.Under the regional restrictions,the construction of medium scale dismantling enterprises could be given priority.On the whole,the environmental burden of the scrap vehicle dismantling system was moderate,and the renewable inputs provided by the system were enough to meet the current process requirements.It has good competitiveness and economic benefits.Although compared with other industries,ESI was 161 times higher than China’s iron and steel production system(0.057),showing huge development potential.If small and medium-scale enterprises were expanded through the transformation of enterprise scale,then the core indicators of MD,GW and FD could be reduced by 1.10E+06 kg-eq(Fe),3.14E+04 kg-eg(CO2)and 4.60E+03 kg-eq(oil),and the remaining environmental indicators could be reduced by 23%-30.35%.Economic benefit could be increased by 49.59%.(2)The results of two different processes showed that the emergy-intensity EI,utilization rate and environmental benefit of the mechanical 80%mode were significantly higher than that of the manual80%mode.The main source of output value was recycled materials accounting for 59.75%.The burden comes from the gas cutting method used in crushing,which consumes a large amount of acetylene(primary)and oxygen(secondary).Its EL value was nearly twice that of the mechanical80%,which was the highest environmental burden of any model.The economic benefit mainly comes from the hand-dismantled second-hand parts(accounting for 71.89%of the total output value),and the integrity were greatly increased.If the gas cutting method was abandoned,most of the environmental impact indicators could be improved by 96%,while the economic benefits could be improved by 14%.(3)The results of four different depths showed that under the same environmental conditions,the environmental benefit of mechanical operation was higher than that of manual operation,but the economic benefit was lower.Second-hand components(73%of total output)and non-ferrous metals(15%)were the main sources of economic benefits.The power consumption of internal and external dismantling had the greatest environmental impact and the greatest economic benefit.(4)Based on the research results of this paper and in combination with the development of policies and technologies,suggestions at the national level are put forward:optimize the gradual transformation from small enterprises to medium and large enterprises;Eliminate all factories with an annual dismantling volume of less than 300;The design direction of the source point is to perfect the automobile industry chain and emphasize the development of the policy of extended producer responsibility;Transportation direction:Optimize the vehicle blockchain network information technology and vehicle terminal maintenance technology;Disassembly direction:The innovative disassembly technology starts with the control of energy consumption for fine disassembly,crushing,internal and external components disassembly.Limit gas cutting and encourage the use of mechanical production lines in the crushing process;Strictly control the pollution emission limit of the pretreatment and crushing process;End processing:focusing on the disassembly,testing and remanufacturing capabilities of the five assembly.(5)Suggestions at the industry and enterprise level:small enterprises should allocate manpower reasonably and limit the electricity consumption of canteen and staff;Large and medium-sized key control fine dismantling,crushing and canteen power consumption;Manual80%of the enterprises to increase the environmental protection cost to account for more than 7%.Transforming gas cutting into automatic working line;Mechanical80%enterprises focus on fine dismantling,crushing,canteen power consumption,control of washing water consumption.Optional manual non-destructive dismantling of internal and external components;Industry priority to enhance the power of "crane,glass cutting machine,plate shearing machine";Optimize the technology of dismantling "tires,doors,seats,anti-lock braking system",and control the power consumption of dismantling internal and external components. |
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