| The proposal of the "Healthy China" development strategy in the report of the 19th CPC National Congress shows that the public has been paying much attention to health issues,and the continuous deterioration of air quality will bring a significant negative impact on public health.According to the data of the World Health Organization,about 7 million people worldwide die from air pollution every year.People pay more and more attention to the harm of health caused by air pollution.Whether environmental regulation can achieve the improvement of public health on the basis of pollution control has gradually become a higher requirement for environmental policy evaluation.In recent years,China’s air quality continues to decline,haze broke out in most part of China,and people’s demand for good air quality is becoming more and more urgent.In this context,China has promulgated the "Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan" which is the most stringent environmental policy(hereinafter referred to as the "Ten Atmospheric Policies")in 2013.As one of the representative environmental policies,investigating the health effects of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" can show the impact of environmental policies on health more intuitively,which provides new ideas for evaluating environmental policies,and provides empirical evidence for formulating and improving relevant policies to improve environmental pollution and health level.With the deepening of China’s environmental governance,how to introduce environmental health factors to improve China’s environmental policy making system,promote Green Development,and carry the construction of "Healthy China"a step forward is particularly important.In order to explore the health effects of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies",based on the micro econometric theory,combined with health economics,environmental economics and other related theories,using the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)data and provincial panel data,this paper identifies the health effects and impact mechanism of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies" from the micro and macro perspectives.On the one hand,from the microscopic point of view,we use Logit-DID method which based on Multiple Logit Model to investigate the impact of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on the incidence of respiratory diseases,heart diseases and other diseases,and on this basis,we analyze the heterogeneity and transmission mechanism.On the other hand,from the macro point of view,the Differences-in-Differences method is used to analyze the impact of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on the proportion of death cause of respiratory disease and heart disease,so as to explore the causal relationship between policy and disease mortality,and test the improvement effect of policy on health.According to the above research and analysis,this paper finds that:(1)The results of the model analysis show that the implementation of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies" has brought significant health effects from both micro and macro levels.Specifically,the policy not only effectively controlled the incidence rate of diseases and proportion of death which highly related to air pollution,but also indirectly reduced the disease conditions that were little affected by air pollution.The improvement of respiratory system diseases was particularly obvious.Furthermore,the robustness tests such as PSM-DID,placebo test and replacement regression model were used,and the research conclusion was still valid.(2)Transmission mechanism analysis shows that the policy mainly improves public health by controlling PM2.5 concentration,so as to realize the influence process from environmental policy to health.In addition,the policy has played a synergistic role in reducing the concentration of SO2,smoke(powder)dust and other pollutants.The"Ten Atmospheric Policies" not only completed the purpose of pollution control,but also brought health dividends.(3)According to the analysis of gender,age and urban-rural heterogeneity,the impact of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on health improvement of different groups is not the same,and the policy significantly reduces the incidence of disease in high-risk population.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes the following suggestions:(1)To improve the synergetic and demonstration effects of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies",and establish a collaborative mechanism for the prevention and control of multiple pollutants.(2)Based on the environmental health inequality among different groups,the path of environmental health and equity development should be built by integrating urban and rural areas,integrating environmental protection facilities,optimizing medical security system and other measures.(3)To guide the public to correctly recognize environmental risks,protect public health,and promote the effective implementation of the "Healthy China" strategy.Compared with previous studies,the expansion work of this paper is as follows:Firstly,in terms of variable selection,this paper uses individual data of CHNS and panel data of provinces respectively to construct indicators such as disease incidence probability and proportion of death cause to measure health,so as to make up for the deficiency of using only a single indicator to measure health.Secondly,from the perspective of research,this paper constructs the health effect assessment system of"Ten Atmospheric Policies" from both micro and macro perspectives.At the micro level,CHNS survey data were used to analyze and study the impact of the "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on the individual health of residents.From the macro level,the panel data of provinces are used to investigate the health effects of policies for the whole population,and a more systematic and comprehensive study on the mechanism of policies’ impact on health is conducted.Finally,in terms of research methods,this study is different from the literature in the field of medical research and public health research,and use the DID method to identify and extract the net effect of "Ten Atmospheric Policies" on health.On this basis,through a targeted policy transmission mechanism analysis,the internal causes of environmental health inequality are discussed,providing empirical evidence and policy reference for the government to build a path of equitable development of environmental health and promote the strategy of "healthy China". |
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