Extraction And Refining Process Optimization Of Elderberry Seed Oil And Quality Research

As a new type of oil crop,elderberry seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids,and the fatty acid content varies among different species,but the ?-tocopherol and ?-sitosterol content is high and has broad development prospects.At present,there are many studies on the extraction of elderberry seed oil at home and abroad,but there is less research on the refining,optimization and industrial production process of crude oil,which limits the development of its industrial production.Therefore,this project took elderberry seed as raw material,determined the fatty acid composition and content of seven varieties of elderberry seed,studied the extraction,degumming,deacidification and decolorisation process of elderberry seed oil,optimized the process to obtain the best process method,compared and analyzed the physical and chemical indexes of the crude oil before and after refining,and determined the phytosterol,squalene and tocopherol content of the refined oil.The main results of the study are as follows:(1)Analysis of the oil content and fatty acid type and content of seven varieties of elderberry seed oilThe oil content,fatty acid species and content of the seven varieties of elderberry seed oil were determined by ultrasonic extraction and GC-MS,respectively,and subjected to principal component and cluster analysis.The results showed that the oil content of the seven elderberry species ranged from 21% to 27%,and the fatty acid species ranged from21 to 25,mainly linoleic acid,?-linolenic acid and palmitic acid,and the unsaturated fatty acid content was above 50%,which could be classified into three major groups by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The variety with the highest oil content of elderberry is Qingzhou15(27.84%),and the lowest content is Yandan(20.62%);the variety with the most fatty acid species is Qingzhou15(25 species),and the variety with the least species is Yandan(21 species),and the variety with the highest unsaturated fatty acid content is Wanhong(67.456%),while the variety with the highest monounsaturated fatty acid content is Qingzhou15(15.901%),the variety with the highest ?-3 content was Wanhong(27.758%),the variety with the highest linoleic acid content was Liuyehong(35.793%),the variety with the highest ?-linolenic acid content was Wanhong(28.298%),and the variety with the highest palmitic acid content was Zifeng(32.932%);the greatest difference between Qingzhou15 elderberry and the other six species in principal component and cluster analysis The fatty acid type and content(all above 60%)were similar for Liuyehong,Yandan,Hongfeng and Wanhong,and the fatty acid content was similar for Jinhuan and Zifeng.(2)Study on the extraction process conditions of elderberry seed oilThe optimum extraction parameters were obtained by single-factor and response surface optimization with the extraction rate as the index,and different liquid to material ratio,ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power.The results showed that the optimum extraction parameters were 10:1 mL/g liquid to material ratios,60 min ultrasonic time and 480 W ultrasonic power and the extraction rate was 26.27% under these conditions.(3)Study on the refining conditions of crude oil of elderberry seed oilThe crude oil of elderberry was degummed and deacidified by acid degumming and alkali refining,and the process conditions of degumming and deacidification were optimized by single-factor and orthogonal analysis;the deacidified oil was decolored by adsorption decolorisation,and the process conditions were optimized by single-factor and response surface method.The results showed that the optimum degumming process conditions were: water addition of 6.00% oil weight,phosphoric acid addition of 1.00% oil weight and degumming temperature of 60?;the optimum degumming process conditions were: super alkali amount of 0.30% oil weight,degumming time of 30 min and degumming temperature of 60?;the optimum decolorisation process conditions were.Activated white clay addition amount of 8% oil weight,decolorisation time of 40 min,decolorisation temperature of 70?.(4)Comparison of physical and chemical parameters of elderberry seed oil before and after refiningThe acid value,peroxide value,iodine value,carbonyl value and phospholipid content of crude oil and refined oil were determined by referring to the national standard and relevant literature test methods respectively.The results showed that the acid value of crude oil was 3.11�0.32 mg KOH/g,peroxide value 2.98�0.10 mmol/kg,iodine value 98.86�1.95g/100 g,carbonyl value 19.45�0.91 m Eq/kg and phospholipid content 1.416�0.170 mg/g,while the acid value of refined oil was 1.86�0.12 mg KOH/g and peroxide value 1.15 mg/g.The acid value,peroxide value,carbonyl value and phospholipid content of elderberry seed oil were all reduced to different degrees after refining and all values were in accordance with the national vegetable oil hygiene standards.All values were in accordance with the national vegetable oil hygiene standards.(5)Study of the active ingredients of elderberry seed oilThe contents of squalene,phytosterols and tocopherols in the oil were determined by GC-MS,GC-MS and HPLC,respectively.The results showed that the content of squalene in elderberry seed oil was 187.00�1.95 mg/kg,and 13 phytosterols and 4 tocopherols were detected in elderberry seed oil.The phytosterols mainly consisted of ?-sitosterol,with a content of 207.03�0.09 mg/100 g,accounting for 58.44% of the total sterols;tocopherols mainly consisted of ?-tocopherol,with content of 703.49�1.14 mg/kg,accounting for75.30% of the total,followed by ?-tocopherol,?-tocopherol and ?-tocopherol,with contents of 187.01�1.72,8.95�1.72,8.95�0.18 and 3.52�0.08 mg/kg,respectively.Elderberry seed oil is rich in squalene,?-sitosterol and ?-tocopherol and is of great value for development.