| With the vigorous mining of open-pit mines,dust pollution on transport roads is becoming increasingly serious.At present,most mines still only use water sprinkling to suppress dust,and the hazards of dust on roads have never been eliminated.Along with the further development of dust suppressants,high efficiency and environmental protection will be their main future development trend.In view of the shortcomings of water sprinkler dust suppression and the problems of dust suppression efficiency,cost and water consumption of existing dust suppressants,this paper selects the formulation and performance of foam dust suppressants to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of foam dust suppressants and provide technical guidance for the reduction of dust on transport roads in open pit mines,which is of great practical significance for the protection of the natural ecological environment.This paper reviews the current development of foam dust suppressants at home and abroad,explores the mechanism of foam dust suppressants and road dust raising mechanism,analyses the basic nature of transport road dust,prepares a new foam dust suppressant suitable for dust reduction on transport roads in open pit mines,and evaluates the performance of the home-made new foam dust suppressant.The green surfactant alkyl glycoside APG was used as the main agent,and foaming agent,foam stabilizer and wetting agent were added to formulate the new foam dust suppressant with bonding,water absorption and moisturizing effects.The optimum mass fraction of each reagent was determined through foaming,foam stabilization and wetting experiments.By changing the ratio,six formulations of foam dust suppressants were identified and their performance was tested to determine the best formulation.The main findings are as follows.(1)0.6% sodium dodecyl sulfate K12 and 0.1% APG compound foamer solution has low surface tension,good foaming effect and large individual foam volume,the stability of the foam is significantly improved when the compound foamer is added to 0.4% polyacrylamide PAM solution,and 0.3% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate LAS solution has a small contact angle with the dust sample and good permeability to the dust sample.The main reagents of the foam dust suppressant were identified as: 0.6% K12,0.1% APG,0.4% PAM & 0.3% LAS.(2)From the experimental results,it can be seen that with 0.1% APG mass as the base,0.6%K12 mass ratio of 1 and 1.05,0.4% PAM mass ratio of 0.6/0.7/0.8 as the foam stabiliser and 0.3%LAS mass ratio of 0.1 as the wetting agent,the foaming,foam stabilisation and wetting properties of the six formulated solutions are good.(3)dust samples sprayed with dust suppressant,water retention is better,can repeatedly absorb and release moisture from the air,has a better moisture absorption and release performance,can effectively resist the damage of external disturbances and natural wind wind erosion,and the p H of each formulation foam dust suppressant close to neutral,less corrosive to the environment and soil and water.Formulation 4 has the best properties and performance,followed by Formulation 2.Field measurements at the open pit haul road show that formulation 4 has a good dust suppression effect with an average dust suppression efficiency of 86.92% for all dust and 75.08% for respiratory dust,with a ratio of m(0.6% K12):m(0.1% APG):m(0.4% PAM):m(0.3% LAS)= 1.05:1:0.6:0.1.The new foam dust suppressant developed in this paper has ecological and environmental friendly raw materials and wide sources.The results of field tests show that the new foam dust suppressant has high dust suppression efficiency,less corrosion on ecological environment and machinery and equipment,and meets the requirements of green environmental protection. |
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