A Study On The Priority Of The Discovery Of Modern Atomic Theory

Scientific discovery is the crystallization of scientists' understanding and exploration of objective laws of existence,and it plays an extremely important role in promoting the development of human inventions and historical progress.Priority is an important system for maintaining scientific norms within the scientific system.It aims to reward scientists who first published innovative discoveries by giving the scientific community a value identity and social cognition.Therefore,the uniqueness of the priority of scientific discovery plays a positive role in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of scientists,inspiring scientists' research enthusiasm,and promoting the smooth development of scientific undertakings.However,throughout the history of science,the controversy about the priority of scientific discoveries has always emerged,which not only plunged the scientists of stakeholders into the battle of priorities,but also damaged the healthy development of the scientific cause.During the birth of modern chemistry,there was also a debate about the priority of the discovery of chemical atomism,especially the challenges and challenges that Dalton encountered as a discoverer of modern chemical atomism.This issue has gradually attracted the attention of scientific historians and scientific sociologists in recent years,and it is of great significance to systematically sort and analyze it and clarify this debate.The second chapter of the thesis mainly discusses priority and its positive role in promoting scientific progress.For the creative work of scientists,the recognition of the scientific community and the public is the most important reward for scientists.The priority of scientific discovery is based on the innovative achievements put forward by scientists,and the corresponding recognition of scientists in the scientific community and even the whole society belongs to the category of honor.The priority of scientific discovery has a positive effect on scientific progress on three levels: one is to reward and encourage scientific individuals;the second is to promote the rationalization and standardization of scientific discovery in the scientific community;the third is to promote the spirit of science,ensure fairness and justice,and promote civilization progress.The third chapter of the thesis mainly traces back the process of Dalton's proposal of chemical atomism and the controversy it caused.When Dalton established the basic system of modern chemical atomism,the then chemist William Higgins objected that Dalton had priority in the discovery of atomism.He believes that Dalton actually borrowed his uncle Brian Higgins' theory of the combination of heat and chemistry.He believes that the chemist Brian Higgins first proposed the idea of chemical atomism before Dalton,and first constructed a model of chemical atomism.The fourth chapter of the paper elaborates the focus of the debate on the priority of chemical atomism.In order to break through the research dilemma of the material structure at that time,Dalton proposed chemical atomism based on the study of the diffusion of mixed gases,which caused a sensation in the academic world.However,it is not clear whether Dalton's chemical atom theory is derived from the perspective of chemical combination or from the study of the solubility of gas in water.Some scholars believe that although William Higgins' research on the theory of the combination of heat and chemistry did not eventually develop a theory of multiple ratios,this does not prevent his research results from providing Dalton's research ideas and theoretical basis.Moreover,Dalton did touch Higgins' theory before presenting his atom theory,and there are indeed many close links between the two.Although Higgins also made important contributions to the research of chemical atomism,he did not directly participate in the priority dispute with Dalton due to his own physical and other objective reasons.The last chapter of the thesis attempts to view this priority debate from the perspective of scientific sociology.The famous scientific sociologist Merton believes that the priority of scientific discovery is essentially not about the personal conduct of scientists,but about the social norms of science.The debate on the priority of modern chemical atomism actually arises from the respect of scientists and the members of the relevant scientific community for the scientific value norms,especially the universality,fairness,selflessness and organized suspicion that scientists must follow in the research process.And other social norms.From the perspective of the uniqueness and originality of the priority of scientific discovery,Dalton undoubtedly made a major contribution to chemical atomism,and hailed it as the father of modern chemical atomism as a reward for his scientific contribution,which conforms to social norms.However,on the other hand,we should also see that the absence of Higgins has an adverse effect on the evaluation of their results in the process of priority evaluation,so the contribution to Higgins also needs to be rewarded within the scientific norm system Sexual recognition.In short,in the evaluation and acceptance of scientific achievements,social factors play at least a certain role,and this should not be ignored by us.