Research On Apple Cleaning Damage Characteristics And Development Of Non-destructive Cleaning Equipment

Postnatal treatment of fruits and vegetables mainly includes cleaning,sterilization,preservation,waxing,drying,grading and packaging.As the first link of postnatal treatment of fruits and vegetables,cleaning is also a key link,and its cleaning effect directly affects the surface quality of fruits and vegetables.Cleaning can remove the surface dirt of fruits and vegetables,diseases and insect eggs and other impurities,and provide high-quality products for further processing and consumption of apples.With the rapid development of China's fruit and vegetable industry,it is urgent to develop high-performance fruit and vegetable cleaning equipment.In view of the problems of low cleaning rate and high damage rate of the current fruit and vegetable cleaning equipment for spherical crisp fruits such as apples and pears,this paper designs a dual speed brush roller apple cleaning machine which integrates soaking,spraying,brushing and fruit collection by using the brush roller differential principle,and expounds its basic structure and working principle;it is easy to cause damage to the biomechanical characteristics and deep processing process of apples and the performance experiment and adaptability verification test of apple cleaning machine were carried out.The main research contents are as follows:1.Study on the biomechanical properties of appleTaking fresh Shandong Red Fuji apple as the experimental object,the biomechanical properties of apple,including density,elastic modulus,poisson's ratio,friction coefficient and other parameters,were studied,and the range of parameters was determined.The impact damage of apple during postpartum processing was studied,and the drop height,fruit quality,impact material and other experimental factors were analyzed by orthogonal test,at the same time,through the apple drop test and the whole fruit compression test,the critical drop height of apple and different impact materials was determined,which provided a theoretical basis for the structural design and optimization of apple postpartum processing equipment.2.Structure design of two speed brush roller apple cleanerThrough theoretical analysis of apple cleaning process,the force change and movement of apple in the process of movement were obtained,and the main factors affecting apple movement were analyzed.The whole structure scheme of two speed brush roller apple cleaning machine was put forward,and the structure of key parts such as soaking device,brushing device,spraying device,fruit collecting device and frame were designed,the parameters of key components such as water pump,motor,frequency converter,nozzle and filter are calculated and selected.3.Performance test of two speed brush roller apple cleanerA two speed brush roller apple cleaner was developed and its performance test was carried out.In order to achieve a good cleaning effect and determine the cleaning process parameters of the cleaning machine,the single factor test and regression orthogonal test were used to study the influence of three factors on the cleaning rate and damage rate of Red Fuji apple.The cleaning rate and damage rate of Red Fuji apple were taken as the evaluation indexes,including the rotation speed of odd row brush roller,the rotation speed of even row brush roller and the soaking time three factors and three levels quadratic regression orthogonal experiment was used to test the two speed brush roller apple cleaning machine,and the optimal combination of parameters was obtained.In order to verify the reliability of the optimal parameters,the adaptability test of Apple was carried out.