Design And Research Of Pressure Relief Insoles For Diabetic Patients

Diabetes is one of the most complicated metabolic diseases.The diabetic neuropathy patients have a loss of protective sensation in the toes,which leads to further deterioration of the disease and the development of diabetic foot ulcers.Foot ulcers in diabetic patients are associated with repetitive injuries in the high-pressure area,and it is necessary to prevent and manage patients at risk of ulceration.The use of foot protection shoes and insoles for pressure relief prevention is of great significance for reducing the pain of foot in diabetic patients and delaying the development of foot disease.This article first performed plantar pressure in natural gait on 36 diabetics mellitus,(DM),47 diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),and 55 healthy people(Normal Control,NC).In the experiment,SPSS software was used to compare and analyze the differences in peak force and impulse percentage of the three groups of experimental samples to determine the abnormal foot area of the diabetic patients.Based on the characteristics of plantar pressure in diabetic patients,pressure relief insoles are made up of basic pads and cushion pads.There are three types of base pads with thickness of 5mm,which are a single layer of 25 degrees EVA and a single layer of 38 degrees.EVA and double-layer composite insole(The upper layer is 3mm 25 degree EVA,and the lower layer is 2mm 38 degree EVA).The cushions are divided into metatarsal cushions and calcaneus cushions.They are made of 3mm soft Poron material,designed according to the shape of the high-pressure area of the DPN group,and cut into the foundation cushion.Finally,6 different designs are formed,including 5mm 95%cushion area insoles,5mm 85%cushion area insole,5mm 75%cushion area insole,7mm 95%cushion area insole,7mm 85%cushion area insole,7mm 75%cushion area insole.Finally,20 healthy people and 20 diabetic patients were selected to carry out the verification of the base pad and the insoles with different area of cushion pads.Based on the plantar pressure experiment of diabetic patients,it was found that the difference of peak force and impulse percentage between DPN group and NC group was larger than that of DM group.According to the above characteristics,after designing and manufacturing a pressure relief insole,it was found that double layer EVA insole can guarantee better gait stability on the basis of decompression.Under the condition of the same area of the cushion pad,the 5mm insole has a better effect on reducing the peak force,and can significantly reduce the peak force of the healthy person’s M3-M5 area by 19%-42%.Among them,the 5mm 95%cushion pad area insole can reduce the impulse percentage of HM,HC,and M2-M5 in patients with diabetes by up to 16%～20%.However,diabetics have better gait stability when wearing 85%cushioning area insoles.Standing phase accounts for more,and the frequency is rises.This study investigated the characteristics of plantar pressure in diabetic patients,designed pressure relief insoles for diabetic patients and provided guidance for reducing plantar pressure in diabetic patients and preventing foot ulcers.