Research On The Environmental Organization “National Wildlife Federation” In The United States(1930s-1990s)

The National Wildlife Federation is a non-governmental environmental organization in the United States whose primary goal is to protect wildlife.The organization was founded in 1936 with a headquarters,a state chapter and a local organization.In its early days,it was mainly composed of sport-hunting enthusiasts.In the 1960 s,influenced by the modern environmental movement,the organization reformed its membership access channels and added non-voting individual members.The organization's number and funding increased significantly,and its membership became more diversified.The organization's mission was changed from "Promoting the effective use of the nation's wildlife and natural resources" to "Promoting the effective improvement of the quality of our environment." In the 1980 s and 1990 s,the organization was institutionalized and transformed.The National Wildlife Federation is involved in wildlife conservation through advocacy,education,and policy and legislation.The organization promoted the awareness of wildlife conservation in the United States,helped the construction of government wildlife reserves,and mainly played a positive role in supporting the government.However,the organization's utilitarian and compromising limitations have reduced its role in protecting wildlife.This paper is divided into three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.The first part is the introduction,which mainly introduces the related concepts of National Wildlife Federation,the research status at home and abroad,as well as the academic value and innovation of this study.The second part is the main body,which is divided into four chapters: chapter one traces the establishment of the National Wildlife Federation and its early activities.It was founded by Jay Norwood Darling,who brought together scattered wildlife conservation groups across the United States in the context of the New Deal era.Major early accomplishments and activities include leading the passage of the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act,organizing annual Wildlife Week,and protecting Florida's Kay deer.Chapter two investigates the development and main activities of the National Wildlife Federation.Thomas Kimball set up individual members,the organization expanded and diversified,and its funding increased significantly.On this basis,urban wildlife conservation activities have been carried out,and magazines aimed at readers of different ages have been launched.Chapter three investigates the transformation and main activities of the organization.Influenced by social conservatism,the organization gradually institutionalized and realized transformation.It conducted specialized wildlife conservation research,protected Yellowstone bison,and pushed for legislation to prevent habitat pollution.Chapter four evaluates the National Wildlife Federation.First,analyze the characteristics of the organization.Secondly,the positive role of the organization in promoting the U.S.wildlife conservation policy,helping the construction of wildlife reserves and enhancing the awareness of wildlife conservation in the United States is affirmed.Finally,the limitation of this organization in wildlife protection is analyzed.The third part is the conclusion.This paper argues that the national Wildlife Federation is the product of Roosevelt's New Deal,and its purpose,structure,membership and source of funds constantly changed.The organization is involved in wildlife conservation from the top,mainly through advocacy,education and the passage of policies and legislation.The organization plays an auxiliary role for the government in wildlife protection,but its utilitarian and compromise limitations in wildlife protection reduce the role of the organization in wildlife protection.