Research And Implementation Of Fault Attribute Enhancement Method

Petroleum and natural gas are important resources in social development,and seismic exploration is the key technology for exploring oil and gas resources.Fault is the core element of seismic exploration content.Faults are closely related to the formation and distribution of oil and gas reservoirs.They can not only form channels for oil and gas migration,but also achieve sealing.Therefore,accurately interpreting and describing the shape and distribution of faults is of great significance to the exploitation,management,and production evaluation of oil and gas reservoirs.The original seismic data are generally noisy,and the fault interpretation is easily affected by low signal-to-noise ratio,weak seismic signals,or other abnormal geographical environments such as fractures and pores,and thus becomes unreliable.Therefore,fault enhancement is indispensable in fault interpretation.Although researchers have done a lot of research on fault enhancement technology and proposed a variety of fault enhancement methods,but on the one hand,the research is still stuck in 2d fault path,and the automatic enhancement technology of 3D fault plane is not mature.On the other hand,low signal-to-noise ratio and weak seismic signals still have a negative impact on the accurate interpretation of faults.In order to reduce the influence of noise on fault features and enhance the continuity of 3D fault features,this thesis proposes two fault enhancement algorithms.The main research contents of this thesis are as follows:1.In order to reduce the influence of noise on fault features and enhance the continuity of 3D fault features,this thesis proposes a large-scale fault attribute enhancement algorithm based on boundary filling.The algorithm firstly introduces dynamic time warping algorithm to enhance fault features.Then,for the problem of information loss at the intersection of faults,a "two scan method" is proposed to solve the problem.Finally,for large-scale data,this thesis compares various data block methods,and finally introduces a data block method based on boundary filling to process large-scale seismic data.2.In order to enhance the continuity of fault features,the large scale fault attribute enhancement algorithm based on boundary filling introduces some artifacts and distorts the results.This thesis presents a fault attribute enhancement algorithm based on surface control.The algorithm starts from the fault attribute data,uses non-maximum suppression to determine the set of control points,uses the implicit 3D surface segmentation method to generate the surface in each control point and the neighborhood formed around it.Finally,multiple local 3D faults are integrated into a data volume to obtain the enhanced fault attribute data.3.This thesis designs and implements a fault enhancement system.The system integrates the two fault enhancement algorithms mentioned above in a system with basic functions,and at the same time designs and realizes the functions of data input,data processing,area management,human-computer interaction and visualization.Finally,the function of the system is tested and verified with the data of actual working area.Finally,the large-scale fault attribute enhancement algorithm based on boundary filling and the fault attribute enhancement algorithm based on surface control are applied to the F3 data of the North Sea in the actual work area.The enhanced results can well suppress the noise and strengthen the continuity of fault features.