Study On Electromagnetic Control Technology Of Atomic Devices Applied To Quantum Sensing

Microwave E-field intensity measurement technology based on quantum effect is one of the important applications in the field of quantum sensing,which owns many advantages such as high sensitivity,good accuracy,and ability to trace directly to SI constants.Atomic vapor cells are the core atomic devices in this measurement method,which affect the accuracy of microwave E-field measurement,so how to reduce the E-field disturbance in vapor cells has become an urgent problem to be solved.Electromagnetic metamaterials are kinds of artificial composite materials,which have excellent ability to control electromagnetic waves and are regarded as one of the important means of electromagnetic control technology.In this paper,the E-field distribution and its influencing factors in the atomic vapor cell are analyzed,and two vapor cell models constructed from metamaterials are proposed.Meanwhile,the metamaterials contained are designed and proved by experiments.The main contents of this paper are as follows:The atomic vapor cell is simplified as a five-layers medium model,and the distribution of E-field in the vapor cell is theoretically deduced when the uniform plane electromagnetic wave is perpendicular to the vapor cell.The influence of inner diameter,wall thickness and relative permittivity of E-field distribution in the vapor cell was studied by simulation,and the E-field deviation degree was introduced to quantitatively evaluate E-field difference inside and outside the vapor cell.At the same time,two novel atomic vapor cell models including artificial magnetic conductor(AMC),low permittivity metamaterial(LPM)and electromagnetic wave absorber are proposed,which owns characteristics of low electric field disturbance.In this paper,the structure design and sample preparation of the metamaterials contained in the low electric field perturbed vapor cells are carried out.The square-patches structure,curly square-rings structure and curly crosses structure based on glass substrate were presented to realize AMC,LPM and absorber respectively.The simulation results show that three metamaterials achieve in-phase reflection function,low permittivity properties and 92%absorption of TE waves at 10.22 GHz respectively.Meanwhile,metamaterial samples were prepared by thermal evaporation coating technology,flexible PCB technology and others,and tested in X-Band by waveguide method.The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results.The atomic vapor cell model with metamaterials proposed in this paper is an attempt to optimize the device in the precise measurement of microwave E-field and the application direction of electromagnetic metamaterials.The structure design and sample preparation method of metamaterials in this paper also have certain reference significance for the combination of metamaterials and vapor cells.