The Ethogram And Time-Activity Budget Of Baer's Pochard (Aythya Baeri)

The purpose of this study is to record the distribution status of Baer's Pochard,establish their Ethogram and PAE Coding System through detailed observation and record of their behavior.To understand their activity rhythm and time budget of different habitats and the influence of human disturbance on the Baer's Pochard.From March 2019 to December 2020,we used video cameras to capture field footage of Baer's Pochard,establish their Ethogram and PAE Coding System.There are three types of behavior:individual behavior,social behavior and Incubation behavior.A total of 11 categories and 112 kinds of behaviors were recorded.Based on the PAE coding system with "posture-action-environment"(PAE),the individual behavior of Baer's Pochard was coded.A total of 10 postures and 8environments were identified and defined,and they were divided into 14 categories and 92 actions according to their functions.Based on the behavior records of Baer's Pochard,the behavior of wintering Baer's Pochard in Minquan Ancient Yellow River National Wetland Park of Henan Province was observed by focus sampling method in December 2020.According to the utilization rate of different habitats,the habitat types were divided into pond,large surface lotus and open water for behavioral analysis.ANOVA and t-test were used to compare the significance of different habitat behaviors.The results showed that the main behaviors of Baer's Pochard were Rest(44.43%),Foraging(34.27%),Locomotory(9.04%)and Maintenance(10.08%).There were significant differences in foraging and resting behaviors among different habitats.The main behavior in pond was foraging(50.07%),which was significantly higher than that in large surface lotus(16.07%)and open water(37.04%);the main behavior in large surface lotus was resting(63.13%),which was significantly higher than that in pond(20.01%)and open water(43.96%).There are some behavioral differences between male and female,female foraging time is higher than male,Maintenance behavior is lower than male.There are different degrees of human disturbance in the three habitat types,and the pond is the most disturbed.The main disturbance sources are fishing,pedestrians and construction.The main disturbance sources in large surface lotus pond and open water are fishing boats.From April to June in 2020,the hatching behaviors and rhythms of Baer's Pochard were recorded by camera probe.The results showed that the average time of Baer's Pochard in the nest was 21.35± 0.35 h,and they left the nest 1-3 times a day.The time of them leaving the nest was about 1 hour(76.68 ± 7.01 min).In this study,we found that the distribution range of Baer's Pochard is still wide,and the main distribution places are in the middle and east of China,which are of great protection value for Baer's Pochard.They use different habitats in different ways,and human disturbance has a greater impact on them.The ecological effects of different habitats and their tolerance to disturbance should be taken into account in order to carry out better protection.