Effects Of Different Restoration Methods On The Characteristics Of Surface Arthropod Community In Huozhou Coal Gangue Dump

As a biological community living in soil or litter layer on the surface of soil,the life activities of surface arthropods are deeply affected by soil physical and chemical properties or internal ecological processes.The characteristics of soil water,fertilizer,gas and heat will affect the structure of arthropod community to varying degrees.The diversity characteristics of the same surface arthropod community will reflect the structure and characteristics of soil to a certain extent.As an important base of energy and chemical industry in Shanxi Province,the coal gangue dump formed after a large number of coal mining has had a huge impact on the surrounding land,vegetation and human settlements due to its spontaneous combustion and leaching.Now the degraded coal gangue dump ecosystem has been restored by artificial reclamation.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate the progress of ecological restoration of coal gangue dump by using the sensitivity of surface arthropod community characteristics to environmental quality to reflect the remediation effect of soil quality under different restoration methods.In order to understand the differences of the effects of different restoration methods on the characteristics of surface arthropod community in coal gangue dump,the coal gangue dump in Huozhou city of Shanxi Province was selected as the research area,and the peach tree field,hawthorn tree field,pomegranate tree field,jujube tree field,pepper tree field,waste grassland and the nearby control corn field not affected by coal gangue dump were selected as the research objects.The diversity and similarity characteristics of surface arthropod community under different restoration methods were studied.The internal mechanism of surface arthropod community in coal gangue dump was explored by correlation analysis and redundancy analysis.The main results are as follows:(1)A total of 25,918 surface arthropod communities were captured in 7 habitats,and the captured surface arthropods belonged to 53 groups of 6 classe and 5 orders.Among them,the dominant species is Neanuridae,with a total of 23,097,accounting for 89.12% of the total catch.Common groups are Formicidae,Entomobryidae,Armadillidae,and Sminthuridae,with a total of 1851,accounting for the total catches 2.8%,1.73%,1.33% and 1.27%.The remaining48 species of Aphididae,Chrysomelidae,Carabidae,etc.are relatively small in number,accounting for less than 1%,constituting a rare group in the study area with a total of 970 individuals,accounting for 3.74% of the total catch.(2)Community differences between habitats are shown as follows: peach tree field(PT)acquired a total of 2496 surface arthropods,accounting for 9.63% of the total catch,belonging to 23 groups of 4 classes and 10 orders;hawthorn tree field(HT)acquired a total of 399 surface arthropods,accounting for 1.54% of the total catch,belonging to 17 groups of 3 classes,10 orders;pomegranate tree field(GF)obtained a total of 21,643 surface arthropods,accounting for the total catch 83.51%,belonging to 29 groups of 5 classes and 14 orders;Jujube tree field(JT)obtained a total of 291 surface arthropods,accounting for 1.12% of the total catch,belonging to 18 groups of 4 classes,10 orders;pepper tree field(PF)acquired a total of 381 surface arthropods,accounting for 1.47% of the total catch,belonging to 25 groups of 3 classes,9 orders;waste grassland(WG)acquired a total of 63 surface arthropods,accounting for 0.24% of the total catch,belonging to 16 groups of 4 classes,11 orders;and corn field(CF),645 surface arthropods were obtained,accounting for 2.49% of the total catch,belonging to 36 groups of 5 classes,14 orders.(3)There are significant differences in the diversity of surface arthropod communities in the 7 habitats.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')order of the 7 habitats is: jujube tree field(JT)> corn field(CF)> waste grassland(WG)> pepper tree field(PF)> peach tree field(PT)> hawthorn tree field(HT)> pomegranate tree field(GF).Pielous evenness index(J)size order is: waste grassland(WG)> jujube tree field(JT)> corn field(CF)> pepper tree field(PF)> hawthorn tree field(HT)> peach tree field(PT)> pomegranate tree field(GF).It can be seen that planting jujube trees is more conducive to improving the diversity and uniformity of arthropods on the coal gangue mountain surface.The order of Simpson dominance index(C)is:pomegranate tree field(GF)> hawthorn tree field(HT)> peach tree field(PT)> pepper tree field(PF)> corn field(CF)> jujube tree field(JT)> waste grassland(WG).The order of Margalef richness index(D)is: corn field(CF)> pepper tree field(PF)> jujube tree field(JT)>peach tree field(PT)> hawthorn tree field(HT)> waste grassland(WG)> pomegranate tree field(GF).Although the pomegranate tree field maintains a relatively large number of surface arthropods,the diversity and uniformity of surface arthropods is the lowest,and the degree of dominance is the highest.It can be seen that it maintains a surface arthropod community structure that is different from other habitats.(4)The 7 habitats maintain a distinct surface arthropod community structure.The Sorensen similarity coefficient shows that the restoration method is the same as that of the reclaimed orchard.The surface arthropod community structure is moderately similar.The Jaccard similarity coefficient shows the jujube tree field and pomegranate tree field,the jujube tree field and the hawthorn tree field.The composition and quantity distribution of the surface arthropod communities are moderately similar.The overall performance among the various plots in the coal gangue dump restoration area is planted pepper has a surface arthropod community structure that is different from the planting of fruit trees and waste grassland.The different restoration methods of coal gangue dump are an important factor affecting the diversity of surface arthropod communities,which is well confirmed by the community similarity between habitats.(5)Correlation analysis between soil environmental factors and surface arthropod diversity index shows that the more soil water content(WC)and available phosphorus(OP)content,the more beneficial it is to increase the number of surface arthropods,but for the improvement of the species Shannon-Wiener diversity index the effect is not obvious,and the rich soil organic matter(OM)contains surface arthropods that help accumulate and attract more groups.(6)The content of available phosphorus(OP)in soil environmental factors is the main influencing factor affecting the distribution of surface arthropod communities,and different surface arthropod groups have different responses to soil environmental factors.The results of redundant analysis showed that the soil available phosphorus(OP)content had a significant impact on the distribution of surface arthropod communities(F = 2.86,P = 0.001).At the same time,as the only dominant group in the study area,Neanuridae is positively correlated with soil available phosphorus(OP)and soil water content(WC),while Sminthuridae is positively correlated with p H and soil bulk density(BD).Formicidae and Carabidae are closely related to organic matter(OM)content and soil water content(WC).