| The development of agricultural production has brought about a substantial increase in biomass waste in the planting and breeding industries.Proper treatment and recycling of these wastes have become a huge challenge for the sustainable agriculture in China.Meanwhile,loss of soil organic matter and the decline of fertility caused by soil degradation restrict the potential of agricultural production and lead to decline of the quality of agricultural products.Soil fertility improvement with organic matter has become a strategic demand for sustainable agricultural development.Biomass carbonization is a new way to reduce biomass waste and reduce carbon emissions from agriculture.Use of biochar for soil improvement and functionnal conditioning may be an industrial way to utilize biomass carbon.The application of biochar in soil improvement and functional conditioning may be the industrial way of biomass carbon resource utilization.Therefore,through the field testing base on Jianping Research Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University,this paper evaluates the application of biochar-based soil conditioners in cereals and vegetable production,and analyzes the effects of on crop growth and quality,in order to provide information for promoting the application of biochar-based soil conditioners.The main test findings are as follows:(1)Effect of biochar-based soil conditioner on growth and yield of Sorghum in drylandIn a field demonstration trail,biochar-based soil conditioner(biochar:swine manure 1/4 w/w)was applied to upland chestnut brown soil at 45t/ha for sorghum growth.Compared with the East Asia Fuyou brand common blended fertilizer(control),the growth of sorghum is significantly improved,and the yield is significantly improved.Under the treatment of carbon-based soil conditioners,the 30-day and 50-day sorghum SPAD values increased by 17.9%and 13.1%respectively;the yield at harvest increased by 40.5%,an increase of 18.1%compared with the Sanju carbon-based fertilizer treatment;Significantly promoted plant nutrient absorption,plant total nitrogen content was significantly higher than the control and BF treatment,an increase of 7.1%-12.7%;especially the total phosphorus content increased by 20.6%-50.9%;however,the plant total potassium increased by a small amount.Quality analysis showed that the carbon-based soil conditioner also slightly increased the starch content of sorghum,but the processing quality of sorghum is not yet clear.(2)Effects of biochar-based soil conditioner on nutrient absorption and quality of field green pepperThree kinds of soil conditioners were applied,namely straw charcoal-sheep manure soil conditioner,rice husk charcoal-cow manure soil conditioner and rice husk charcoal-pig manure soil conditioner,the dosage was 45t/ha,which was the same as conventional organic fertilizer Sheep manure and Sanju brand carbon-based fertilizer were used as a comparison.At the same time,the three carbon-based soil conditioners were compared with each other,and the No.9 green pepper was planted in the open field brown soil.Under the application of different soil conditioners,the nutrients absorption and quality of green peppers in the open field are significantly improved.Among them,the combination of straw charcoal-sheep manure charcoal-based soil conditioner(WCLM)treated open field green pepper is considered to be the best treatment.Straw charcoal-sheep manure-based conditioning agent greatly increased the Vc content of green pepper,and compared with RCLM treatment increased by 3.1%,significantly increased by 12.0%compared to RCCM;while increasing the soluble protein content of green pepper,WCLM compared to RCCM and RCLM can be increased by 6.3%And 1.3%,and RCLM can be increased by 5.0%compared to RCCM,there is no significant difference between the three.As for the nutrient absorption of green peppers in the open field,each soil conditioner treatment has an increased effect on the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium.The carbon-based soil conditioner significantly improved the plant's total nitrogen absorption increase by 6.7%-12.9%.Among the three carbon-based soil conditioner groups,the advantage is more obvious in the WCLM treatment,but the absorption of total phosphorus and total potassium There is no significant difference in accumulation.The shortcoming is that there is no analysis of green pepper acquisition grade.(3)Effects of biochar-based soil conditioner on Yield and quality of Tomato in GreenhouseFour soil conditioners were applied,namely straw-sheep manure soil conditioner,rice husk charcoal-cow manure soil conditioner,rice husk charcoal-pig manure soil conditioner,and rice husk charcoal-sheep manure soil conditioner.You brand ordinary blended fertilizer and three carbon-based fertilizer comparison,while the four carbon-based soil conditioners are compared,applied to the production of tomatoes in the greenhouse.The results show that the application of carbon-based soil conditioner can significantly improve the growth of tomatoes in greenhouses and greatly increase the yield.Compared with the common blended fertilizer(control),the plant height of rice husk charcoal-sheep manure charcoal-based soil conditioner increased by 12.3%compared with the control at 30 days after transplanting,while rice husk charcoal-pig manure charcoal-based conditioner increased stem diameter 15.3%,rice husk charcoal-sheep manure charcoal-based conditioner treatment improves the chlorophyll SPAD value by 8.5%;different soil conditioner treatments can effectively increase tomato yield,especially straw charcoal-sheep manure charcoal-based conditioner treatment yields the most,and Compared with the other three carbon-based soil conditioners,the increase was 26.0%-32.5%.In terms of nitrate content,the application of straw charcoalsheep manure carbon-based soil conditioner significantly reduced the nitrate content of tomatoes in greenhouses and decreased by 17.1%-44.8%compared with the treatment of the other three carbon-based soil conditioners.At the same time,the four carbon-based soil conditioners can significantly increase the organic matter content of the tomato soil in the greenhouse,of which WCLM treatment increased 4.7%compared with RCLM.In addition,in terms of Vc content,WCLM can increase 24.2%compared with RCLM treatment.In the greenhouse nutrient absorption of tomato,the four carbon-based soil conditioners are also dominated by straw charcoal-sheep manure carbon-based soil conditioners.In summary,the carbon-based soil conditioner has a good effect of increasing yield and high quality when used in grain and vegetable crops in dry land in the north.The effects of soil conditioners with different biomass carbon ratios are different.The soil conditioner prepared by mixing sheep manure with straw biomass carbon is better.However,the soilcrop process for increasing yield and quality is unknown,and the impact on soil biological systems needs further study. |
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