Effects Of Biochar Combined With Nitrogen Fertilizer On Soil Microorganism Nutrient And Winter Wheat Yield In Wheat Field

In order to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar on soil fertility,soil nutrition content characteristics and winter wheat yield formation in wheat fields,the combination of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar was screened out to provide theoretical reference for nitrogen fertilizer combined with effect in wheat fields in northern Xin Jiang,and to provide a new approach for rational utilization of cotton straw resources in Xin Jiang.In this experiment,Biochar was applied at two doses:0 kg hm-2,30 ×103 kg·hm-2 in combination with nitrogen fertilizer at three rates:0 kg hm-2,150 kg hm-2,300 kg hm-2.The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil microbial characteristics,microbial community carbon source metabolic activity,soil physicochemical properties and winter wheat yield formation were studied.The main findings are as follows:1.Compared with the control group,the amount of bacteria and urease in the wheat fields under each fertilization treatment was not significantly changed.Different treatments of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer can improve the metabolic activity of carbon source,which is shown as N1>N2>B>BN1>BN2>CK.The soil microbial communities of wheat fields treated with N1 and BN1 significantly increased the metabolic capacity of carbohydrate and ester carbon sources.Treatment with BN1 and BN2 can improve the richness and evenness of soil microbial community.Principal component analysis showed that sugars,amino acids and acids were the main carbon sources that caused the differences in the metabolic characteristics of soil microbial community in wheat fields under different fertilization treatments and had positive effects on the improvement of soil microbial community.2.Different fertilization treatments had different effects on soil nutrients,among which soil organic matter,total nitrogen and available potassium all increased to different degrees in different growth developmental stage.The overall performance was that the combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer(BN1,BN2)was better than the single application of biochar(B)than the single application of nitrogen fertilizer(N1,N2).In the flowering period,the available phosphorus increased significantly compared with the single nitrogen application,with an increase of 35?52%.In the maturity stage,compared with CK,treatments of B,BN1 and BN2 all increased the available potassium content of soil by 22%,26%and 17%,respectively.3.The results showed that compared with control,other treatments increased wheat yield,with the combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer showing the greater yield increase.There were the large difference in the effects on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization among the treatments.When biochar was applied with low nitrogen fertilizer and high nitrogen fertilizer the wheat yield increased by 32.76%and 49.03%respectively,and the productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 12.01%.The agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 60.11%.Obviously,biochar combined with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can increase yield and improve efficiency,which is better than nitrogen fertilizer alone.Conclusion:Through the comprehensive analysis of soil fertility evaluation indexes,combined with the yield data,it was shown that under the test conditions,biochar(30×103kg·hm-2)with nitrogen fertilizer(150kg·hm-2)was the optimal fertilization combination for winter wheat growth in north Xinjiang irrigation area.