Mechanism Of Strict Female Monandry In Spider Pardosa Pseudoannulata

In nature,most animals are polygamous,which can maximize reproductive health,which is common in many animals,but strict monogamy is extremely rare in animal kingdom.When the reproductive interests of male and female partners diverge,sexual conflicts between animals arise.In order to obtain the maximum benefits from potential spouses,various body structures or behavioral strategies related to courtship,mating or parental investment begin to evolve in both sexes,leading to an "arms race" between the sexes.In order to maintain their paternity,male spiders will destroy the structure of female genitalia or break their own palpal organ to block the female’s copulatory pore.This kind of structure is used to plug the female copulatory pore and prevent other male competitors from mating with the female again,which is called mating plug.At present,there are relatively few reports about traumatic mating leading to strict monogamy in females.Pardosa pseudoannulata belongs to Lycosidae and Pardosa.It has been reported that female spiders can only mate once in their life,but the specific mechanism is not clear.This experiment explored how the mating plug was produced,and the reasons and effects of inhibiting the female’s desire to mate again.The experiment was carried out from eight aspects: 1.To confirm the strict monogamy of female spiders;2.To explore the source of mating plug;3.To identify the components of mating plug;4.To verify the wound by scanning electron microscope;5.To study the effect of semen protein on female spiders;6.To artificially damage the female’s mating cavity;7."Single hole" mating experiment;8.Longevity of female spiders in different mating states.We demonstrate that traumatic mating is closely associated with strict female monandry in the wandering wolf spider Pardosa pseudoannulata.The inserter on the pallal organ destroys the atrium of the female’s external organ during insemination,which reduces the female’s desire to mate again.This damage can cause bleeding and gradually become an impermeable amorphous mating plug,blocking the female’s mating aperture.This damage can lead to “bleeding”,and gradually become an impermeable amorphous mating plug,blocking the female’s mating hole.These two mechanisms reduce the possibility of female mating again.Therefore,we provide evidence that strict female monogamy is caused by traumatic mating.Our results provide a new perspective for the study of sexual conflict in animals,especially in arachnids,and provide strong scientific evidence for the further study of the phylogeny and evolution of Lycosidae spiders.