Individual Differences In Forgiveness Trait And Behaviors: The Roles Of Genes In Dopamine Pathway And Parental Bonding

Forgiveness is process that the changings of victim's cognition,motivation,emotion,and behavior from negative to positive.Forgiveness includes trait and behavior.Studies have investigated the effects of genetic or environment on individual diffrences in forgiveness.However,the contributions of gene-environmental interactions have not well be explored.This study investigated the interactions between genes in dopamine pathway and parental bonding(i.e.,parental care and overprotection)in forgiveness,which would provide mechanisms of the “gene-environment” interaction underlying forgiveness.1.Interactions between genes in dopamine pathway and parental bonding on forgiveness trait.We respectively measured forgiveness trait and parental bonding with the Heartland forgiveness scale(HFS)and Parental Bonding Instrument(PBI),and then genotyped the genetic variations of genes in dopamine pathway with polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide electrophoresis(PCR-PAGE)in 1176 college students.Results showed that:(1)The interaction between the rs1611115 of DBH gene and parental care significantly affected forgiveness trait(? =-0.203,95% CI =-0.306 ~-0.103).The interaction was in line with the distinguishing differential susceptibility model.In the cases of high parental care,individuals with the TT/TC genotype showed higher score on forgiveness(M ± SD = 5.400 ± 0.852)than ones with the CC genotype(5.159 ± 0.847).By contrast,in case of low parental care,individuals with the TT/TC genotype showed higher score(4.617 ± 0.775)than ones with the CC genotype(4.807 ± 0.781).(2)others the genes and parental bonding did not significantly interact in forgiveness trait.2.Interactions between genes in dopamine pathyway and parental bonding on forgivenessbehavior(1)We measured forgiveness behavior and parental bonding with moral violation paradigm and PBI and then genotyped the genetic variations of genes in dopamine pathway of 482 college students.Results showed that: interaction between MAOA rs6323 and parental care affected females' forgiveness behavior(? = 0.259,95% CI = 0.0092 ~ 0.508).This interaction was line with the diathesis stress model: In case of low parental care,the forgiveness behavior of individuals with the TT genotype showed(2.507 ± 1.189)higher forgiveness behavior of intentional harm than the GG/GT genotype(2.063 ± 0.903),while there were no significant differences in the score between the genetypes in condition of high parental care.The interaction between COMT rs4680 and parental overprotection affect individual's forgiveness behavior of accidental interpersonal harm(? =-0.212,95% CI =-0.405~-0.014).The interaction was in line with the vantage sensitivity model: In case of low parental overprotection,the forgiveness behavior of individuals with the GG genotype showed(4.400 ± 1.179)higher forgiveness behavior of accidental harm than the AA/AG genotype(3.822 ± 0.972),while there were no significant differences in the score of the condition of high parental overprotection.(2)We measured forgiveness behavior and Parental bonding with moral violation paradigm and PBI and genotyped the genetic variations in the genes of dopamine pathway in 542 male prisoners.The results showed that the interactions of DBH rs1611115,COMT rs4680,MAOA 30 bp VNTR,MAOA rs6323 and Parental bonding did not significantly interact forgiveness behavior.Conclusion:(1)In case of different parental care,the forgiveness trait of individuals with the TT/TC genotype of DBH rs1611115 is strong plastic.(2)In case of low parental care,women with TT genotype at the MAOA rs6323 show higher forgiveness behavior of intention interpersonal.(3)In case of low parental overprotection condition,individuals with the GG genotype of COMT rs4680 show higher forgiveness behavior of accidental interpersonal harm.(4)In prisoners,the interactions between the above genes and Parental bonding don't significantly interact in forgiveness behavior.