| The present study analyzes the daily average air temperature,and maximum temperature,minimum temperature,precipitation,relative humidity,sunshine duration and wind velocity duration from 19 meteorological stations in Guizhou province of Southwest China from 1980 to 2015 in spring with methods including linear regression analysis,sliding average analysis,correlation analysis,M-K method and R/S analysis.During the analysis,Firstly the region is split into subregion one(deep-cut karst area),subregion two(shallow-cut karst area),subregion three(deep-cut non-karst area)and subregion four(shallow-cut non-karst area)of Guizhou province with the Q-pattern hierarchical cluster analysis in SPSS.The main elements during the classification contain the degree of geomorphic cutting,which is determined and digitized in the area of each weather station,and then according to the percentage of the geomorphic type of the meteorological area.It will be helpful to understand the characteristics of temporal change and epecial distribution of in Guizhou province and its four subregions and its specific respondence to the global warming,The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The characteristics of the spring climate elements' linear regression analysis are firstly briefed.the warming rate of average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature in spring is the highest in the shallow cut non-karst area in the spring with rate of 0.294?/10 a,0.390?/10 a,0.288?/10 a,respectively.The rate is lowest in shallow cut karst area with rate of 0.032?/10 a,0.048?/10 a,0.070?/10 a respectively.The most rapid change of relative humidity in the deep-cut karst area with rate of-1.028%/10 a,and the slowest change occurs in the shallow-cut non-karst area with rate of-0.448%/10 a.The fastest change of,precipitation,sunshine duration and relative wind is in deep-cut non-karst areas with rate of 20.679mm/10 a,11.262h/10 a,0.180m/s/10 a,but other meteorological area show upward trend of precipitation,sunshine duration and relative wind speed with rate of-11.850mm/10 a,-3.401h/10 a,0.065m/s/10 a respectively.All the elements change with the different rate,precipitation,relative humidity and relative wind speed showe decreasing trend,on the contrary,other elements show upward trend.In shallow cut non-karst area,the rate and average value of average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature are fastest and the average annual precipitation is the smallest and the shallow-cut karst area is second only to the shallow-cut non-karst area,whose change rate is opposite to that in deep-cut non-karst areas.In addition,the sunshine duration and average relative wind speed in shallow-cut non-karst areas are also the smallest.The sunshine duration in shallow-cut karst areas are the most abundant up to306.02 h,which is 1.79-2.398 times that of other geomorphic areas.The average relative wind speed in shallow-cut karst areas is also the largest 2.18m/s,and the average relative humidity is similar to other geomorphic areas.The average value of each meteorological element in the deep-cut karst area is generally lower than the average level of the province,and its meteorological value is in the lower middle level among the four geomorphological types.On the whole,the climate in Guizhou Province is warming and drying in spring,and the climate change in the shallow-cut karst areas(mainly including Guiyang,Bijie,Qianxi,Dushan,Weining,Panxian,and Xingyi)of Guizhou Province in spring has more obvious response to global warming.(2)Spatial change analysis is also conducted.average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature and precipitation distribute with the similar characteristics that the elements decrease from southwest to northeast in spring,while the number of sunshine duration is the opposite,showing a decreasing trend from northeast to southwest.,the special distribution of relative humidity decrease from east to west,but the relative wind speed decrease from west to east in all period mentioded before,and the rate of change of relative humidity decrease from south to north,which change trend is more obvious in the southern region.In terms of spatial tendency rate,the rate of change of average temperature,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature decreases from south to north and from east to west,which means that the increase is most obvious in the south.From east to west,the rate of precipitation decreases first and then increases.From the perspective of landform types,precipitation only increases in deep-cut non-karst areas,and decreases in the other three meteorological types.The rate of change of relative humidity decreases from south to north,and its trend is more obvious in the southern region,which is the most typical in Luodian County;the rate of change of sunshine duration increases from south to north,from east to west,that is,the increase is most obvious in the west and Panxian has the highest tendency rate;the average relative wind speed change rate is higher in the middle than the surrounding area,which means that the change trend in the central region is more significant,of which Guiyang is the most typical.The wind speed in the deep-cut non-karst area is on the rise,and the other three geomorphological types are all present Downward trend,among which the average relative wind speed in the non-karst area has the fastest decline rate.(3)Mutation analysis is then performed.In spring of all geomorphological types,there were no abrupt change in the minimum temperature,precipitationand sunshine duration,while the average temperature,maximum temperature,average relative humidity and average relative wind speed had abrupt changes in some erea.The average temperature mutated around 2001 with a sudden change from low temperature to high temperature in the shallow-cut non-karst area.In the deep-cut karst area,the maximum temperature and average relative wind speed mutated around 1999 and 2010 with the values from high to low respectively.In whole province,the mutation of the average temperature,maximum temperature,minimum temperature and relative humidity take place respectively in 1999 and 2001 from high to low values,significant.In addition,the abrupt changes of precipitation,sunshine duration and average relative wind speed are not obvious.(4)Finally,the R/S analysis is used.All the elements is highly sustainability in four geomorphological types,shose sustainability is strong(Hurst value range is0.506-0.973).The average temperature,maximum temperature and minimum temperature will all show an upward trend,while the average relative humidity will show a downward trend.However,the sustainability of all elements differs from geomorphological to geomorphological and element to element.the future trend of the average temperature,maximum temperature,and minimum temperature in the deep-cut karst are more likely to increase than in the shallow-cut karst,while the average relative humidity,sunshine duration and average relative wind speed in the shallow-cut karst may increase or decrease.The future of the elements predicted with R/S in both shallow-cut non-karst and deep-cut non-karst is similar to the deep-cut karst and shallow-cut karst. |
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