| Aiming at the problems of excessive application of chemical fertilizers and unreasonable fertilizer ratios in walnut production,the yield and fruit quality are reduced,and the continuous productivity of the soil is insufficient,we will Carry out research on the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil biological characteristics,walnut yield and fruit quality,with a view to achieving the goal of green and efficient development of the walnut industry and laying a solid foundation for the sustainability of walnut production.This research takes the early-fruiting walnut"Xiang Ling"as the research object,and set up different fertilization treatments:(1)No fertilizer(CK),(2)Chemical fertilizer(F),(3)Chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer(F+M),(4)Chemical fertilizer and bio-organic Fertilizer(F+BM),(5)Chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer(F+M+BM).Study the response characteristics of soil nutrients,physical and chemical properties,microbial biomass,enzyme activity,bacterial community structure,and walnut yield and quality to different fertilization treatments,and use high-throughput sequencing methods and correlation analysis between soil environmental factors and walnut yield and quality to clarify different fertilization The characteristics of the treated soil microbial community and the changing law of walnut yield and quality,the main results are as follows:(1)Different fertilization treatments can significantly increase the content of total nutrients(TN,TK,TP)and quick-acting nutrients(AN,AK,AP)in the soil,and the mixed application of three fertilizers(F+M+BM)soil nutrients(Except for AP)the highest content,respectively 2.50 g·kg-1,27.07 g·kg-1,0.60 g·kg-1,26.88 mg·kg-1,237.32 mg·kg-1,AP content in the single fertilizer treatment The highest(41.92 mg·kg-1)and no significant difference between F+M+BM.(2)Different fertilization treatments can effectively improve soil chemical properties.The soil moisture content and organic matter content(SOC)are the highest in the mixed application of the three fertilizers(F+M+BM),and the soil p H value of the single application of chemical fertilizer(F)is the lowest 7.40.The activities of urease and sucrase gradually increased with the fertilization of F+M,F+BM,F+M+BM,and the highest enzyme activity of F+M+BM was 2.50 mg and 43.96 mg,respectively.(3)With the extension of the fertilization period,the output of walnut increased year by year,and the F+M+BM treatment had the highest yield increase rate,reaching 101%.In addition,it can also improve the quality of walnuts.The F+M+BM treatment has the best effect.The content of protein,glutamic acid,unsaturated fatty acid,trace elements Zn and Fe can reach 18.0%,3.65%,93.1%,225.1 mg·kg-1,respectively and 34.9 mg·kg-1.(4)Different fertilization treatments can increase soil microbial biomass(SMBC,SMBN,respiratory entropy),and the trend is F+M+BM>F+BM>F+M.The soil bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes were the most in the F+M+BM treatment,which were 6.91 cfu·g-1,3.96 cfu·g-1and 4.28 cfu·g-1,respectively.The dominant phyla of bacterial communities are Actinomycete,Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria and Chloroflexus;the dominant bacteria of bacterial community are Arthrobacter and Nocardia.F+M+BM treatment has the best improvement effect on soil bacterial community diversity and richness index.(5)There is a close correlation between soil nutrients and chemical properties,yield and its constituent elements(single fruit weight,kernel rate,total amino acid)among various fertilization treatments.Soil AN,AK,p H,SOC and SMBC affect the level of fertilization soil bacterial community.The key environmental factors of relative abundance,among which AN has a significant effect on Vibriobacteria,Acidobacteria and Cellobacteria.It is generally believed that F+BM and F+M+BM can significantly improve soil microbial properties,increase walnut yield and improve fruit quality.Among them,F+M+BM has the best improvement effect. |
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